IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - September 2022 - 51

capacitors leg both feature reduced voltage swing applied
to the isolation transformer. As a result, those techniques
are not practical in the dual active bridge-based converters,
where the power delivery capacity of the converter
depends directly on the transformer voltage swing [11].
Application Example of Zero Redundancy
Fault-Tolerant DC-DC Converter
Owing to low realization cost, the zero-redundancy
fault-tolerant approach has already found its application
in PV microconverters [24]. PV microconverters
are typically mounted on the same rail as the PV module
it is connected to. Therefore thermal cycling and
exposure to humidity require these devices to be protected
according to a high-grade ingress protection
code, like IP67 defined in IEC 60529. This makes the
converter capable of withstanding snow, rain, wind,
etc. Thermally conductive and water-resistant epoxy
resins with moderate viscosity and low hardness are
typically used for potting the converter enclosures.
Recent industry trends show that conformal coating is
a preferred solution to reduce converter weight, cost,
and shipping fees. On the other hand, this packaging
technology renders any repair unfeasible due to complicated
and time-consuming disassembly, as shown from
the example of the potted PV microconverter presented
in Figure 3(a). Typically, faulty unit is replaced with a
new one based on a valid warranty or under the terms
of a service contract.
Nevertheless, getting a replacement could take a long
time or incur extra-cost for unscheduled maintenance,
which results in economic loss due to equipment downtime.
The zero redundancy FT approach based on the
TMC can reduce the downtime time to zero, making the
PV microconverter operational till the next scheduled
maintenance-a great advantage for residential PV installations
regardless of possible performance deterioration
after a fault. Figure 3b shows the power circuit topology
of a zero redundancy FT PV microconverter [24]. It is
based on the quasi-Z-source series resonant IBBC where
Possible location of faulty semiconductors
(a)
qZS Network
L1
+
Vpv
-
C1
S2
S4
1 : 1
ipri
C2
SqZS
1 : n
Transformer
D2
Q4
L2
Input Bridge (IB)
S1
S3
Cb
+ −
vCb
TX
im
Lm
i Lr
Lr
+ −
vCr
Co
Vo
Cr
Output Bridge (OB)
D1
D3
(b)
FIG 3 (a) Photo of the disassembled industrial PV microconverter with mechanically removed aluminum case and part of the potting
compound. (b) Power circuit diagram of the zero redundancy fault-tolerant PV microconverter.
September 2022 z IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 51
+
PWM
PWM
PWM
PWM

IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - September 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - September 2022

Contents
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