IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - September 2023 - 44

universities, national labs, transmission system operators
(TSOs), power plant developers, as well as IBR
vendors. It is interesting to note that while many common
understandings have been established in practices,
certain gaps still exist among different stakeholders.
This article intends to bridge this gap by sharing a summary
of the survey, including questionnaires, responses
from different stakeholders, and the analysis of survey
results. The challenges for different stakeholders using
impedance-based method are identified, which shed a
light on the future research work.
Introduction
The legacy power grids that are dominated by electrical
machines are gradually evolving as power-electronic-based
power systems with high proportion of IBRs and active
loads. The multi-timescale control dynamics of IBRs may
interact with one another and with grid dynamics, leading to
resonances and instabilities in a wide frequency range [1],
[2]. Addressing these challenges call for new methods and
tools for dynamics analysis of IBR-dominated power
systems.
The impedance-based dynamics analysis method
is increasingly used to screen stability risks of IBRdominated
power systems, mainly due to its advantage
of dealing with black-box models [3], [4], as shown in
Figure 1. Over past years, numerous efforts have been
devoted, from both academia and industry, to advance
this technology [5],
[6]. However, certain gaps persist
among different stakeholders. An over-simplified
IBR-grid system with a few or even single IBR is often
used by academia for the impedance-based dynamic
analysis. Such a simplified system may not be capable
of reflecting all practical challenges in complex electrical
systems, where thousands of IBRs can be configured
in meshed and radial network structures. On the
other hand, practicing engineers may not be aware of
the latest advances in the impedance modeling theory
and dynamics analysis.
To bridge the gaps, the joint IEEE Power Electronic
Society (PELS) and IEEE Power and Energy society (PES)
Task Force on Frequency-Domain Modeling and Dynamic
Analysis of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) and Flexible
AC Transmission System (FACTS) made a questionnaire
survey on the impedance-based dynamics analysis,
aiming to obtain insights into the latest state-of-the-art
and challenges of using this method. The survey got 46
responses from a diverse range of participants (54% from
academia and 46% from industry), including universities,
national labs, transmission system operators (TSOs),
power plant developers, as well as IBR vendors across the
globe. More detailed statistics of the survey participants
are given in Tables 1 and 2.
This article intends to share the survey results and summarize
both common and unique challenges for different
stakeholders in implementing impedance-based method,
which shed a light on the future research work in this
direction.
Questionnaire and Responses
The questionnaire is designed with five general questions
and six specific technical questions, the details of which are
described by Q1-Q12 as follows. The corresponding
response to those questions are given by Figures 2-13.
FIG 1 Impedance-based dynamic analysis for IBR-dominated power system.
44 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE z September 2023
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - September 2023

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