IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 86

Table 5. A comparison of the top three teams
in the powered exoskeleton race at Cybathlon
2016.
Specification

ReWalk

Mina Ver.2 WalkON Suit

Weight (kg)

30

34

27

Degrees of
freedom (active)

4

6

4

Gait speed (km/h) 2.6

1.0

1.1

Task Preparation

Mina Ver.2 WalkON Suit

ReWalk

Sofa

Prepared

Prepared

Prepared

Slalom

Prepared

Prepared

Prepared

Ramp and door

Prepared

Prepared

Prepared

Stones

Dismissed Prepared

Prepared

Tilted path

Prepared

Dismissed

Dismissed

Stairs

Prepared

Prepared

Prepared

dynamic motions such that the walking speed can be
significantly improved.
After the Cybathlon
The Cybathlon ended, but it remains a strong presence with
the pilot and Team SG Mechatronics. First of all, a powered
exoskeleton, the WalkON Suit, could be intensively developed
in the short term. All of the team members, including the
pilot, are strongly committed and very determined to develop
powered exoskeletons for more people with complete paraplegia. The Cybathlon left us with unforgettable memories
and strong motivation for future work.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded in part by the Korean government (NRF-2015R1A1A1A05001448) and by a grant
(NRCTR-EX17006) of the Translational Research Center for
Rehabilitation Robots, Korea National Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea. We thank
Byeongwook Kim for his contribution and desire to overcome his difficulty.
References
[1] National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. (2016). Spinal cord injury
(SCI) facts and figures at a glance. [Online]. Available: https://www
.nscisc.uab.edu/Public/Facts%202016.pdf
[2] M. J. DeVivo, J. S. Krause, and D. P. Lammertse, "Recent trends in
mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury,"
Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., vol. 80, no. 11, pp. 1411-1419, 1999.
[3] M. J. DeVivo, "Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: Trends
and future implications," Spinal Cord, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 365-372, 2012.
[4] A. Esquenazi, M. Talaty, A. Packel, and M. Saulino, "The ReWalk
powered exoskeleton to restore ambulatory function to individuals

86

*

IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE

*

DECEMBER 2017

with thoracic-level motor-complete spinal cord injury," Amer. J. Phys.
Med. Rehabil., vol. 91, no. 11, pp. 911-921, 2012.
[5] G. Zeilig, H. Weingarden, M. Zwecker, I. Dudkiewicz, A. Bloch, and
A. Esquenazi, "Safety and tolerance of the ReWalk exoskeleton suit for
ambulation by people with complete spinal cord injury: A pilot study,"
J. Spinal Cord Med., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 96-101, 2012.
[6] ReWalk Robotics. (2017). [Online]. Available: http://rewalk.com/
[7] Ekso Bionics. (2017). [Online]. Available: http://eksobionics.com/
[8] Rex Bionics. (2017). [Online]. Available: http://www.rexbionics.com/
[9] Paker Hannifin-Indego. (2017). [Online]. Available: http://www.indego
.com/indego/en/home
[10] R. Riener, "The Cybathlon promotes the development of assistive
technology for people with physical disabilities," J. NeuroEng. Rehabil.,
vol. 13, no. 49, pp. 49-52, 2016.
[11] A. B. Schultz, N. B. Alexander, and J. A. Ashton-Miller, "Biomechanical analyses of rising from a chair," J. Biomechanics, vol. 25, no. 12,
pp. 1383-1391, 1992.
[12] M. K. Mak, O. Levin, J. Mizrahi, and C. W. Hui-Chan, "Joint
torques during sit-to-stand in healthy subjects and people with Parkinson's disease," Clin. Biomechanics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 197-206, 2003.
[13] Robots and Robotic Devices-Safety Requirements for Personal
Care Robots, ISO Standard 13482:2014.
[14] External Limb Prostheses and External Orthoses-Requirements
and Test Methods, ISO Standard 22523:2011.
[15] Y. Ito, S. Nozawa, J. Urata, T. Nakaoka, K. Kobayashi, Y. Nakanishi, K.
Okada, and M Inaba, "Development and verification of life-size humanoid with high-output actuation system," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics
and Automation (ICRA), Hong Kong, China, 2014, pp. 3433-3438.
[16] S. Oh and K. Kong, "Two-degree-of-freedom control of a two-link
manipulator in the rotating coordinate system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 5598-5607, 2015.
[17] H. Choi, S. Oh, and K. Kong, "Control of a robotic manipulator in
the polar coordinate system using a biarticular actuation mechanism,"
Int. J. Control Autom., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1095-1105, 2016.

Jungsu Choi, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang
University, Seoul, South Korea. E-mail: nbh87@sogang.ac.kr.
Byeonghun Na, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea. E-mail: zz1zzy@
sogang.ac.kr.
Pyeong-Gook Jung, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea. E-mail: pgjung@
sogang.ac.kr.
Dong-wook Rha, Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
Seoul, South Korea. E-mail: medicus@yuhs.ac.
Kyoungchl Kong, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea. E-mail: kckong@
sogang.ac.kr.


http://www.rewalk.com/ http://www.eksobionics.com/ http://www.rexbionics.com/ http://www.indego https://www http://nscisc.uab.edu/Public/Facts%202016.pdf

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017

IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - Cover1
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - Cover2
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 1
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 2
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 3
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 4
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 5
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 6
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 7
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 8
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 9
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 10
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 11
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 12
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 13
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 14
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 15
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 16
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 17
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 18
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 19
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 20
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 21
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 22
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 23
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 24
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 25
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 26
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 27
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 28
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 29
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 30
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 31
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 32
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 33
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 34
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 35
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 36
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 37
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 38
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 39
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 40
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 41
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 42
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 43
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 44
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 45
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 46
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 47
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 48
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 49
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 50
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 51
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 52
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 53
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 54
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 55
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 56
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 57
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 58
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 59
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 60
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 61
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 62
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 63
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 64
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 65
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 66
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 67
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 68
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 69
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 70
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 71
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 72
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 73
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 74
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 75
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 76
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 77
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 78
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 79
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 80
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 81
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 82
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 83
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 84
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 85
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 86
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 87
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 88
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 89
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 90
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 91
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 92
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 93
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 94
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 95
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 96
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 97
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 98
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 99
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 100
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 101
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 102
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 103
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 104
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 105
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 106
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 107
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 108
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 109
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 110
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 111
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 112
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 113
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 114
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 115
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 116
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 117
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 118
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 119
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 120
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 121
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 122
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 123
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 124
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 125
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 126
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 127
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 128
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 129
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 130
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 131
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - 132
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - Cover3
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2017 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2010
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com