IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - December 2022 - 140

team or implicit bias/jokes circulating
in teams. The social event organized in
the framework of the Breaking the Surface
conference also confirmed the
interest of robotics researchers to
engage more with equality-, diversity-,
and inclusion-related matters in their
field of research. The participants' high
level of engagement in debates about
the challenges women and other
minorities face in robotics research
proved that more needs to be done to
raise awareness and ensure an equalitarian
work environment.
Why?
Although gender equality has been at
the forefront of institutions and European
strategies, acknowledging that the
gender gap is a problem is not enough.
Inside marine robotics, we know this is
a challenge, although the situation
seems to be improving much too slowly
(plus, there is almost no research in
marine robotics related to the gender
gap). We need to know " our numbers, "
and we need to do something about
them. The two ways we chose to do this
aim to raise awareness and take action
by bringing the challenge closer to
the public.
What?
The core aim of Women in Blue is to tap
deeper into the gender challenge by following
two paths. The first path looks at
the numbers: How many women work
in marine robotics research? What is
their status, education path, and background?
The second path looks at who
these women are: What is their work?
What are the challenges and the career
advancement opportunities for them?
The main ways to answer these questions
are through surveys, interviews,
and events, which engage the broader
research and civil communities.
Future?
The increasingly interdisciplinary future
of robotics research is expected to bring
bigger challenges in the form of higher
levels of competition among teams and
the push toward faster-innovation lifecycles.
Therefore, initiatives like Women in
Blue should continue to create more
awareness about equality, diversity, and
inclusion in robotics, backed both by
dedicated funding and supported
through the nonprofit model. The
Women in Blue strategy is to continue
with the two strands of activity and
expand to include more activities (e.g.,
citizen science, social events, exhibitions,
and so on) and join forces with other
initiatives with similar goals to do bigger
and better things together.
As noted previously, the increasingly
interdisciplinary future of robotics
research is expected to bring bigger challenges
in the form of higher levels of
competitiveness and innovativeness of
teams. In the face of this outlook, more
diverse teams with a good gender balance
are expected to perform better [6].
Therefore, the gender gap will continue
to represent an increasingly pressing
challenge, especially for STEM research
[7], where women are underrepresented.
To tackle this on a broader scale, we
need more initiatives like Women in
Blue that can work at the microlevel, and
bigger and bolder projects that tackle a
systemic change in robotics research
(probably backed through European
Union funding schemes). At a quantitative
level, more data need to be gathered
on the profile of women working in
marine robotics and collated with data
collected from universities and high
schools to establish at which stage of the
professional path women drop out of a
robotics career [8]. At a qualitative level,
more research needs to be conducted to
unveil further barriers that women face
in that specific moment of time when
the dropout rate is the highest as well as
to explore how the mobility of women
scientists for job-related matters impacts
career perspectives. The latter is an
important aspect that has a cross impact
on several of the challenges identified by
Women in Blue as it operates at cultural,
social, and economic levels [9]. Thus, it
becomes very important to explore how
an extended notion of mobility, which
includes aspects of career advancement
and daily displacement, impacts women
researchers and their well-being. Finally,
qualitative research should also widen
the approach to inclusion by considering
other minorities or disadvantaged
140 * IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE * DECEMBER 2022
groups [10] and how these can be
encouraged to follow a scientific career.
As initiators of Women in Blue, we
believe that widening the reflection on
equality, diversity, and inclusion in
robotics should be a joint effort at both
micro (individual and institutional) and
macrolevels (policymaking). Collaboration
is thus key and provides the foundation
for building a more equitable and
inclusive research environment.
Acknowledgment
This research was co-funded by the
European Maritime and Fisheries Fund
under grant 863619.
References
[1] C. P. Caroline, Invisible Women: Data Bias in a
World Designed for Men. New York, NY, USA:
Harry N. Abrams, 2019, pp. 1-272.
[2] " Women in science, " UNESCO Institute for Statistics
(UIS), Montreal, PQ, Canada, 2019. [Online].
Available: https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/
documents/fs55-women-in-science-2019-en.pdf
[3] " Women in robotics. " Accessed: Oct. 20, 2022.
[Online]. Available: https://www.womeninrobotics.org
[4] " Video: Desert WAVE robotics team makes a
splash for women in STEM, " The State Press, Feb.
2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.statepress.
com/article/2019/02/spvideo-desert-wave-robotics
-team-makes-a-splash-for-women-in-stem
[5] " Women in Engineering Leadership Association, "
Nelson Mandela Univ., Gqeberha, South
Africa. Accessed: Oct. 20, 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://wela.mandela.ac.za
[6] D. Rock, H. Grant, and J. Grey, " Diverse teams
feel less comfortable-And that's why they perform
better, " Harvard Bus. Rev., vol. 95, no. 9, p. 22, 2016.
[7] V. Tandrayen-Ragoobur and D. Gokulsing,
" Gender gap in STEM education and career
choices: What matters? " J. Appl. Res. Higher Educ.,
vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1021-1040, 2021, doi: 10.1108/
JARHE-09-2019-0235.
[8] M. Berra and G. M. Cavaletto, " Overcoming
the stem gender gap: From school to work, " Italian
J. Sociology Educ., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1-21, 2020.
[9] G. Avellis and I. Didenkulova, " Mobility support
and networking for women in STEM, " in
Proc. EGU General Assembly Conf. Abstracts,
Apr. 2017, p. 809.
[10] S. B. Coleman, " A case study on the life trajectories
of women with sensory and mobility disabilities
in stem careers, " Doctoral dissertation,
Drake Univ., Des Moines, IA, USA, 2017.
https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs55-womwn-in-science-2019-en.pdf https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs55-womwn-in-science-2019-en.pdf https://www.womeninrobotics.org https://www.statepress.com/article/2019/02/spvideo-desert-wave-robotics-team-makes-a-splash-for-women-in-stem https://www.statepress.com/article/2019/02/spvideo-desert-wave-robotics-team-makes-a-splash-for-women-in-stem https://www.statepress.com/article/2019/02/spvideo-desert-wave-robotics-team-makes-a-splash-for-women-in-stem https://wela.mandela.ac.za

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