IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 78

●

technical measures for transparency could be implemented
to achieve compliance with the law.
A procedural checklist for designers might be a suitable
instrument to guide the design process concerning meeting transparency requirements.

Acknowledgments
The authors are listed in alphabetical order. All authors contributed equally to this article. Part of this project was
funded by the LEaDing Fellows Marie Curie COFUND fellowship, a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement number 707404.
References
[1] M. Ananny and K. Crawford, "Seeing without knowing: Limitations
of the transparency ideal and its application to algorithmic accountability," New Media Soc., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 973-989, 2018.
[2] J. Ausloos, P. Dewitte, D. Geerts, P. Valcke, and B. Zaman, "Algorithmic transparency and accountability in practice," in Proc. 36th Annu.
ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'18), 2018.
[Online]. Available: https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5a2007a24a11ce000164
d272/5ac883392c10d1baaa4358f2_Algorithmic_Transparency_and_
Accountability_in_Practice_CameraReady.pdf
[3] T. Beauchamp and J. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 7th
ed. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2012.
[4] B. L. Berkelaar, "Cybervetting, online information, and personnel selection: New transparency expectations and the emergence of a digital social
contract," Manage. Communication Quart., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 479-506, 2014.
[5] J. Cas, S. Strauss, A. Amicelle, K. Ball, D. Halliman, M. Friedewald, and I.
Szekely, "Social and economic costs of surveillance," in Surveillance in Europe,
D. Wright and R. Kreissl, Eds. Evanston, IL: Routledge, pp. 211-258, 2015.
[6] M. Eiband, H. Schneider, M. Bilandzic, J. Fazekas-Con, M. Haug,
and H. Hussmann, "Bringing transparency design into practice," in
Proc. 23rd Int. Conf. Intelligent User Interfaces, 2018, pp. 211-223.
[7] H. Felzmann, E. Fosch Villaronga, C. Lutz, and A. Tamò-Larrieux,
"How transparent is your AI? Ethical, legal, and societal issues of the
transparency principle in cyber-physical systems," in Proc. Amsterdam
Privacy Conf., 2018, pp. 1-29.
[8] E. Fosch-Villaronga, H. Felzmann, M. Ramos-Montero, and T. Mahler,
"Cloud services for robotic nurses? Assessing legal and ethical issues in
the use of cloud services for healthcare robots," in Proc. 2018 IEEE/RSJ Int.
Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2018, pp. 290-296.
[9] K. Fischer, "When transparent does not mean explainable," Explainable Robotic Systems-Workshop in conjunction with HRI 2018, Mar.
2018, Available: https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress
.com/2018/03/1-fischer-being-honest-about-transparency-final.pdf
[10] D. Heald, "Transparency as an instrumental value," in Transparency:
The Key to Better Governance (Proceedings of the British Academy 135),
C. Hood and D. Heald Eds. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006, pp. 59-73.
[11] S. H. Huang, K. Bhatia, P. Abbeel, and A. D. Dragan, "Establishing
(appropriate) trust via critical states," Explainable Robotic Systems-
Workshop in conjunction with HRI 2018, Mar. 2018. Available: https://
explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/2-huang-et-alestablishingappropriatetrust_hri2018workshop-final.pdf

78

*

IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE

*

JUNE 2019

[12] S. Jeong, C. Breazeal, D. Logan, and P. Weinstock, "Huggable: The
impact of embodiment on promoting socio-emotional interactions for
young pediatric inpatients," in Proc. 2018 CHI Conf. Human Factors in
Computing Systems, 2018, p. 495.
[13] T. Kim and P. Hinds, "Who should I blame? Effects of autonomy
and transparency on attributions in human-robot interaction," in Proc.
15th IEEE Int. Symp. Robot and Human Interactive Communication,
2006, pp. 80-85.
[14] B. J. Koops and R. Leenes, "Privacy regulation cannot be hardcoded.
A critical comment on the 'privacy by design' provision in data-protection law," Int. Rev. Law, Comput. Technol., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 159-171, 2014.
[15] M. Kwon, M. Ferguson, and R. Knepper, "An exploration of implicit
attitudes towards robots using implicit measures," in Explainable
Robotic Systems-Workshop in Conjunction With HRI 2018, Mar. 2018.
Available: https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/
2018/03/1-kwon-et-al-an-exploration-of-implicit-attitudes-towardsrobots-final.pdf
[16] C. Lutz and A. Tamò, "Communicating with robots: ANTalyzing
the interaction between healthcare robots and humans with regards to
privacy," in Human-Machine Communication: Rethinking Communication, Technology, and Ourselves, A. Guzman, Ed. Bern, Switzerland:
Peter Lang, 2018, pp. 145-165.
[17] T. Miller, "Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the
social sciences," Artificial Intelligence, vol. 267, pp. 1-38, Feb. 2019.
[18] O. O'Neill, A Question of Trust (The BBC Reith Lectures 2002). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.
[19] P. Paal and D. Pauly, Datenschutzgrundverordnung Kommentar,
Germany: C.H. Beck, 2017.
[20] S. Petisca, J. Dias, and A. Paiva, "More social and emotional behaviour may lead to poorer perceptions of a social robot," in Int. Conf.
Social Robotics. New York: Springer, 2015, pp. 522-531.
[21] "Transparent," Oxford Dictionary, Accessed on: Dec. 21, 2018. Available: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/transparent
[22] N. Wang, D. V. Pynadath, M. J. Barnes, and S. G. Hill, "Comparing
two automatically generated explanations on the perception of a robot
teammate," in Explainable Robotic Systems-Workshop in conjunction
with HRI 2018, Mar. 2018. Available: https://explainableroboticsystems.
files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-wang-et-al-comparing-two-automaticallygenerated-explanations-on-the-perception-of-a-robot-teammate-final.pdf
[23] A. Weller, Challenges for transparency, 2017 [Online]. Available: https://
arxiv.org/abs/1708.01870

Heike Felzmann, National University of Ireland, Galway. Email:
Heike.felzmann@nuigalway.ie.
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Center for Law and Digital Technologies, Leiden University, The Netherlands. Email: e.fosch
.villaronga@law.leidenuniv.nl.
Christoph Lutz, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. Email:
christoph.lutz@bi.no.
Aurelia Tamo-Larrieux, Center for Information Technology,
Society, and Law, University of Zürich, Switzerland. Email:
aurelia.tamo-larrieux@uzh.ch.


https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-kwon-et-al-an-exploration-of-implicit-attitudes-towards-robots-final.pdf https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-kwon-et-al-an-exploration-of-implicit-attitudes-towards-robots-final.pdf https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-kwon-et-al-an-exploration-of-implicit-attitudes-towards-robots-final.pdf https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5a2007a24a11ce000164d272/5ac883392c10d1baaa4358f2_Algorithmic_Transparency_and_Accountability_in_Practice_CameraReady.pdf https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5a2007a24a11ce000164d272/5ac883392c10d1baaa4358f2_Algorithmic_Transparency_and_Accountability_in_Practice_CameraReady.pdf https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5a2007a24a11ce000164d272/5ac883392c10d1baaa4358f2_Algorithmic_Transparency_and_Accountability_in_Practice_CameraReady.pdf https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/transparent https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-wang-et-al-comparing-two-automatically-generated-explanations-on-the-perception-of-a-robot-teammate-final.pdf https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-wang-et-al-comparing-two-automatically-generated-explanations-on-the-perception-of-a-robot-teammate-final.pdf https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-wang-et-al-comparing-two-automatically-generated-explanations-on-the-perception-of-a-robot-teammate-final.pdf http://www.arxiv.org/abs/1708.01870 http://www.arxiv.org/abs/1708.01870 https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-fischer-being-honest-about-transparency-final.pdf https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/1-fischer-being-honest-about-transparency-final.pdf https://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/2-huang-et-al-establishingappropriatetrust_hri2018workshop-final.pdf http://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/2-huang-et-al http://explainableroboticsystems.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/2-huang-et-al

IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019

Contents
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - Contents
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 2
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 3
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 4
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 5
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 6
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 7
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 8
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 9
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 10
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 11
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 12
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 13
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 14
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 15
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 16
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 17
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 18
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 19
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 20
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 21
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 22
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 23
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 24
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 25
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 26
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 27
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 28
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 29
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 30
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 31
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 32
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 33
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 34
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 35
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 36
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 37
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 38
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 39
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 40
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 41
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 42
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 43
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 44
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 45
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 46
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 47
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 48
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 49
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 50
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 51
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 52
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 53
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 54
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 55
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 56
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 57
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 58
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 59
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 60
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 61
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 62
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 63
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 64
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 65
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 66
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 67
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 68
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 69
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 70
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 71
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 72
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 73
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 74
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 75
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 76
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 77
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 78
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 79
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 80
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 81
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 82
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 83
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 84
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 85
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 86
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 87
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 88
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 89
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 90
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 91
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 92
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 93
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 94
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 95
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 96
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 97
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 98
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 99
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 100
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 101
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 102
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 103
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 104
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 105
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 106
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 107
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 108
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 109
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 110
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 111
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 112
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 113
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 114
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 115
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 116
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 117
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 118
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 119
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - 120
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2010
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com