IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2020 - 139

Deep Learning-Based
Localization and
Perception Systems
Approaches for Autonomous
Cargo Transportation
Vehicles in Large-Scale,
Semiclosed Environments

By Zhe Liu, Chuanzhe Suo,
Yingtian Liu, Yueling Shen,
Zhijian Qiao, Huanshu Wei,
Shunbo Zhou, Haoang Li,
Xinwu Liang, Hesheng Wang,
and Yun-Hui Liu

©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/CHESKY_W

V

ehicles capable of delivering heavy cargoes are a
major means for the promotion of social productivity and are widely applied in industry. Even
though self-driving technologies have been studied
for a few decades and several successful applications
have been demonstrated, autonomous industry vehicles are
currently applied only in some specific scenarios with very
low speed and fixed routes and are typically implemented in
the indoor closed area of small-scale warehouses. In this article, we introduce the main perception and localization
approaches of autonomous cargo transportation vehicles for
industrial applications. We also demonstrate how these technologies can enable autonomous cargo transportation in the
Hong Kong International Airport.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MRA.2020.2977290
Date of current version: 8 April 2020

1070-9932/20©2020IEEE

Background
Currently, most vehicles used in industry to deliver heavy
cargo are operated by human drivers. However, the cargo
transportation companies at the Hong Kong International
Airport, for example, currently have a 25% shortage of drivers. In addition, the salary for logistics vehicle drivers has
increased 30% in the last few years, and the proportion of
employees aged 40 and older in the logistics industry has
increased from 51.50% in 2008 to 59% in 2018 (https://www
.censtatd.gov.hk/home/index.jsp). The increasing need for
but serious shortage of human drivers, their rapidly growing wages, and high-risk working environments necessitate that manual-driving industrial vehicles be replaced by
autonomous ones, which will help greatly improve the
efficiency and reduce the operational cost of cargo transportation in airports, railway stations, harbors, and industrial warehouses.
JUNE 2020

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IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE

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139



http://www.ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/CHESKY_W https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/home/index.jsp https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/home/index.jsp

IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - June 2020

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