IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - March 2018 - 27

for the term socioethical or derivatives
thereof, and you will not find much in
terms of published research. In the
field of engineering and information
and communications technology, one
is more likely to come across referenc-
es to sociotechnical (systems) or socio-
economic (impacts) or sociocultural
(implications) or sociolegal (cases) or
simply broader ethical issues in the
domain of study. Search more specifi-
cally for evidence that ethics has been
considered in the end-to-end design
lifecycle of a new process or product,
and you will find even less proof that
these practices exist.
This does not mean that socioethical
issues are not being adequately ad-
dressed in robotics, but we are more pre-
occupied with the tensions between
conception, deployment, first-mover
advantage, and feedback loops than
embedded ethics from the outset.
Whether this has to do with more agile
development approaches or trade secrets
that won't relinquish industry practices,
this special is a call to raise awareness of
the importance of socioethics as an inte-
gral part of any problem definition or
feasibility study right through to opera-
tion and maintenance road maps of
emerging technologies. Yet, evident
even in the contributions of this spe-
cial section, engineers of all types
are mixed in their attitudes toward the
effectiveness of the application of ethical
frameworks, with some believing they
are relevant at the beginning of a
development lifecycle, and others argu-
ing you cannot prejudge ethics. The fol-
lowing brief section introduces how the
IEEE Standards Association is contrib-
uting to ethical considerations, an initia-
tive led by the chair, Raja Chatila, with
hundreds of contributions from all
over the world, academicians and indus-
try specialists from large and small bou-
tique companies, and government and
nongovernment participation.
Ethical Considerations of
Autonomous and Intelligent
Systems
The IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics
of Autonomous and Intelligent Sys-
tems (A/IS) was launched in April of

2016 to move beyond the paranoia
and the uncritical admiration regard-
ing autonomous and intelligent tech-
nologies and illustrate that aligning
technology development and use with
ethical values will help advance inno-
vation while diminishing fear in the
process [8].
The goal of the IEEE Global Initia-
tive is to incorporate ethical aspects of
human well-being that may not be
automatically considered in the cur-
rent design and manufacture of A/IS
technologies and reframe the notion of
success so human progress can include
the intentional prioritization of indi-
vidual, community, and societal ethical
values. The mission of the IEEE Global
Initiative is to ensure that every stake-
holder involved in the design and
development of A/IS is educated,
trained, and empowered to prioritize
ethical considerations so that these
technologies are advanced for the ben-
efit of humanity.
The IEEE Global Initiative has two
primary outputs, the creation and it-
eration of a body of work known as
Ethically Aligned Design: A Vision for
Prioritizing Human Well-Being with
Autonomous and Intelligent Systems [9]
and the identification and recommen-
dation of ideas for standards projects
focused on prioritizing ethical consider-
ations in A/IS. Currently, there are 11
approved standards working groups in
the IEEE P7000 series.
A key distinction we also always
make in our work is to point out that
ethical considerations in and of them-
selves are not new for engineers, aca-
demics, and programmers. Codes of
ethics have guided these professions
for decades and provide seminal prin-
ciples regarding safety and compliance
that have provided, and still provide,
critical guidance for technology
design and production. Our goal is
to provide an additional set of princi-
ples and standards to help any tech-
nologists not used to dealing with the
new aspects of how A/IS can affect
human agency and emotion. Like any
new technology, A/IS simply brings
new issues to deal with, and, in the
case of systems or products directly

interacting with humans, applied eth-
ics or values-driven design are meth-
odologies that help technologists
evolve their ethical paradigm to
address the algorithmic age.
Overview of Accepted Articles
in the Special Section
Three articles were accepted for inclu-
sion in the special section. The first
article, by Amigoni and Schiaffonati,
presents an ethical framework for
experimental technologies with respect
to robotics. The article takes the ethical
framework proposed by van de Poel
for experimental technologies and
applies it to the case of robotics. Ami-
goni and Schiaffonati critically and
somewhat controversially argue that
explorative experiments can be con-
ducted in robotics given the absence of
proper theoretical backgrounds. The
authors claim that we can only address
ethical issues on the impacts of robots
in society through real-world de -
ployments. They utilize two examples
in the domain of search and rescue, the
Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency Robotics Challenge and the
Fukushima Nuclear Emergency, to
make their case.
The second article, by Villani et al.,
focuses on industrial robots to simplify
work-related operational processes.
The article highlights the benefits of
measure, adapt, and teach (MATE)
robots in care and service roles and
provides an excellent discussion on
observed socioethical implications.
The ELSI framework and roboethics
have been integrated more broadly
into the development process of
MATE robots used in the workplace.
The authors state that technical re-
quirements are not solely driven by the
use cases but by other design recom-
mendations stemming from the anal-
ysis of implications on ethics and
social and legal issues related to the
use of adaptive human-machine sys-
tems (i.e., MATE).
The third article, by Borenstein et al.,
uses a survey methodology to report on
parental perspectives on the overtrust of
pediatric health-care robots, specifically
exoskeletons. This article is concerned

march 2018

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IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - March 2018

Contents
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