IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 138

consumption. And a similar benchmark to the U.S. Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics Challenge
may be formed for soft-matter robots for both locomotion
and manipulation in a complex task environment.
In conclusion, the use of soft matter shifts the paradigm of
robots from kinematic machines toward continuum machines, as in the transition
exemplified by robots
Benchmarking has to be
with polymeric flexure
hinges. The borderline
application dependent,
between mechanical
structures and actuators
which may involve one or
becomes vague, as exemplified by peristaltic
more types of functions.
robots made from pneumatic artificial muscles
and grippers and crawlers
made from EAP. There has been no robot with 100% soft
matter, partially due to the fact that actuators made from soft
matter, such as shape-memory polymers or EAPs, have limitations in speed, stroke, or power density. Most case studies
serve as proof of concept, and the research is still preliminary.
Data on actuators (e.g., mass, output force, and stroke), structures (e.g., size), material properties (e.g., modulus and breaking strain), and system performance (e.g., speed and power
consumption) should be detailed for further investigation and
benchmarking.
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the Swiss National Science
Foundation professorship grant PP00P2123387/1 and the
ETH Zurich research grant ETH-23-10-3.
References
[1] D. Trivedi, C. D. Rahn, W. M. Kier, and I. D. Walker, ''Soft robotics: Biological inspiration, state of the art, and future research,'' Appl. Bionics Biomech.,
vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 99-117, Sept. 2008.
[2] K.-J. Cho, J.-S. Koh, S. Kim, W.-S. Chu, Y. Hong, and S.-H. Ahn, ''Review of manufacturing processes for soft biomimetic robots,'' Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 171-181, July 2009.
[3] R. Pfeifer, M. Lungarella, and F. Iida, ''The challenges ahead for bio-inspired soft robotics,'' Commun. ACM, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 76-87, Nov. 2012.
[4] S. Kim, C. Laschi, and B. Trimmer, ''Soft robotics: A bioinspired evolution
in robotics,'' Trends Biotechnol., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 287-294, May 2013.
[5] S. Bauer, S. Bauer-Gogonea, I. Graz, M. Kaltenbrunner, C. Keplinger, and
R. Schwödiauer, ''A soft future: From robots and sensor skin to energy harvesters,'' Adv. Mater., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 149-162, Jan. 2014.
[6] D. Rus and M. T. Tolley, ''Design, fabrication and control of soft robots,''
Nature, vol. 521, pp. 467-475, May 2015.
[7] A. Verl, A. Albu-Schäffer, O. Brock, and A. Raatz, Eds., Soft Robotics:
Transferring Theory to Application. Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany: SpringerVerlag, 2015.
[8] M. Doi, Soft Matter Physics. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013.
[9] M. R. Cutkosky, J. M. Jourdain, and P. K. Wright, ''Skin materials for robotic fingers,'' in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Automation, Raleigh, NC,
1987, pp. 1649-1654.

138

*

IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE

*

September 2015

[10] H. Yousef, M. Boukallel, and K. Althoefer, ''Tactile sensing for dexterous
in-hand manipulation in robotics-A review,'' Sens. Actuators A, Phys., vol.
167, no. 2, pp. 171-187, June 2011.
[11] L. Wang, L. Graber, and F. Iida, ''Large-payload climbing in complex vertical environments using thermoplastic adhesive bonds,'' IEEE Trans. Robot.,
vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 863-874, Aug. 2013.
[12] R. Kornbluh, R. Pelrine, Q. Pei, M. Rosenthal, S. Stanford, N. Bonwit, R.
Heydt, H. Prahlad, and S. V. Shastri, ''Application of dielectric elastomer EAP actuators,'' in Electroactive Polymer Actuators as Artificial Muscles: Reality, Potential,
and Challenges, 2nd ed. Bellingham, WA: SPIE Press, 2004, ch. 16, pp. 529-581.
[13] B. Tondu, ''Modelling of the McKibben artificial muscle: A review,'' J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 225-253, Feb. 2012.
[14] M. Cianchetti, A. Arienti, M. Follador, B. Mazzolai, P. Dario, and M. Follador, ''Design concept and validation of a robotic arm inspired by the octopus,'' Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1230-1239, Aug. 2011.
[15] S. Seok, C. D. Onal, K.-J. Cho, R. J. Wood, D. Rus, and S. Kim, ''Meshworm:
A peristaltic soft robot with antagonistic nickel titanium coil actuators,'' IEEE/
ASME Trans. Mechatron., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1485-1497, Oct. 2013.
[16] F. Lotti and G. Vassura, ''A novel approach to mechanical design of articulated fingers for robotic hands,'' in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots
Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2002, pp. 1687-1692.
[17] A. M. Dollar, L. P. Jentoft, J. H. Gao, and R. D. Howe, ''Contact sensing
and grasping performance of compliant hands,'' Auton. Robot., vol. 28, no. 1,
pp. 65-75, Jan. 2010.
[18] R. J. Wood, ''The first takeoff of a biologically inspired at-scale robotic insect,'' IEEE Trans. Robot., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 341-347, Apr. 2008.
[19] A. M. Hoover, E. Steltz, and R. S. Fearing, ''Roach: An autonomous 2.4g
crawling hexapod robot,'' in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots Systems, Nice, France, 2008, pp. 26-33.
[20] F. Ilievski, A. D. Mazzeo, R. F. Shepherd, X. Chen, and G. M. Whitesides,
''Soft robotics for chemists,'' Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1890-
1895, Feb. 2011.
[21] Y. Bar-Cohen, ''Electroactive polymers as artificial muscles: Capabilities, potentials and challenges,'' in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Expo./Demonstration Robotics Challenging Situations Environments, Albuquerque, NM,
2000, pp. 188-196.
[22] Z. Hu, X. Zhang, and Y. Li, ''Synthesis and application of modulated polymer gels,'' Science, vol. 269, pp. 525-527, July 1995.
[23] R. F. Shepherd, F. Ilievski, W. Choi, S. A. Morin, A. A. Stokes, A. D. Mazzeo,
X. Chen, M. Wang, and G. M. Whitesides, ''Multigait soft robot,'' Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. United States Amer., vol. 108, no. 51, pp. 20400-20403, Dec. 2011.
[24] M. Nishida, H. O. Wang, and K. Tanaka, ''Development and control of a
small bipedwalking robot using shape memory alloys,'' J. Robot. Mechatron.,
vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 793-800, Oct. 2008.
[25] J. Kim, J. Park, S. Yang, J. Baek, B. Kim, S. H. Lee, E. S. Yoon, K. Chun,
and S. Park, ''Establishment of a fabrication method for a long-term actuated
hybrid cell robot,'' Lab Chip, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 1504-1508, Nov. 2007.
[26] H.-T. Lin, G. G. Leisk, and B. Trimmer, ''GoQBot: A caterpillar-inspired
soft-bodied rolling robot,'' Bioinspir. Biomim., vol. 6, no. 2, p. 026007, Apr.
2011.
[27] E. Steltz, A. Mozeika, N. Rodenberg, E. Brown, and H. M. Jaeger, ''JSEL:
Jamming skin enabled locomotion,'' in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots Systems, St Louis, MO, 2009, pp. 5672-5677.
[28] S. Yim and M. Sitti, ''Design and rolling locomotion of a magnetically actuated soft capsule endoscope,'' IEEE Trans. Robot., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 183-194,
Feb. 2012.



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015

IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - Cover1
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - Cover2
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 1
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 2
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 3
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 4
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 5
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 6
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 7
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 8
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 9
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 10
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 11
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 12
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 13
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 14
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 15
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 16
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 17
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 18
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 19
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 20
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 21
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 22
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 23
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 24
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 25
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 26
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 27
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 28
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 29
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 30
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 31
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 32
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 33
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 34
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 35
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 36
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 37
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 38
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 39
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 40
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 41
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 42
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 43
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 44
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 45
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 46
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 47
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 48
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 49
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 50
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 51
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 52
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 53
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 54
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 55
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 56
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 57
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 58
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 59
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 60
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 61
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 62
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 63
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 64
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 65
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 66
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 67
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 68
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 69
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 70
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 71
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 72
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 73
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 74
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 75
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 76
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 77
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 78
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 79
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 80
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 81
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 82
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 83
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 84
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 85
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 86
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 87
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 88
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 89
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 90
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 91
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 92
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 93
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 94
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 95
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 96
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 97
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 98
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 99
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 100
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 101
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 102
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 103
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 104
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 105
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 106
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 107
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 108
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 109
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 110
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 111
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 112
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 113
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 114
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 115
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 116
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 117
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 118
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 119
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 120
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 121
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 122
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 123
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 124
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 125
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 126
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 127
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 128
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 129
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 130
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 131
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 132
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 133
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 134
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 135
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 136
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 137
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 138
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 139
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 140
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 141
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 142
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 143
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 144
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 145
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 146
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 147
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 148
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 149
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 150
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 151
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 152
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 153
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 154
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 155
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 156
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 157
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 158
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 159
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 160
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 161
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 162
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 163
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 164
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 165
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 166
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 167
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 168
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 169
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 170
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 171
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 172
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 173
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 174
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 175
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 176
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 177
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 178
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 179
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 180
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 181
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 182
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 183
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 184
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 185
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 186
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 187
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 188
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 189
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 190
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 191
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - 192
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - Cover3
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2015 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_june2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_march2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_december2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/roboticsautomation_september2010
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com