Signal Processing - September 2016 - 16
SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR
COMPUTATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND DISPLAYS
Sanjeev J. Koppal
A Survey of Computational Photography in the Small
Creating intelligent cameras for the next wave of miniature devices
T
©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/YAKOBCHUK
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSP.2016.2581418
Date of publication: 2 September 2016
16
he sheer ubiquity of smartphones and other mobile vision
systems has begun to transform the way that humans and
machines interact with each other and the way that they
interact with the world. Even so, a new wave of widespread computing is on the horizon, with devices that are even
smaller. These are micro and nano platforms, with feature sizes
less than one millimeter. These types of platforms are quickly
maturing out of research labs, with some examples shown
in Figure 1.
1 These devices can potentially induce futuristic applications; for example, swarms of robotic flapping insects [29] could have applications in
agriculture and security, while medical devices such
as those described in [5] and [8] would enable
body area networks and minimally invasive procedures. Devices such as those described in [1]
are commercially available and could allow the
creation of far-flung sensor networks.
Anticipating vision and imaging capabilities
on these smaller platforms is a long-term prospect
since, currently, none of the devices in Figure 1
even have cameras let alone full sensing systems.
However, the possible impact is large since equipping tiny devices with computational cameras could
help realize a new wave of applications in security,
search and rescue, environmental monitoring, exploration, health, energy, and more. In this article, we outline
a set of technologies that are currently converging to allow
what we term computational photography in the small; i.e.,
across the millimeter, micro, and nano scales. This survey
covers ongoing research that may break through existing barriers by combining ideas across computational photography,
compressive sensing, micro/nano optics, sensor fabrication,
and embedded computer vision. We map out the next research
challenges whose solutions can propel us toward making miniature sensing systems a reality.
The broad architecture of miniature computational cameras is illustrated in Figure 1(b), where an array of (possibly
heterogeneous) sensors are placed on a miniature low-power
IEEE SIgnal ProcESSIng MagazInE
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September 2016
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Signal Processing - September 2016
Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover1
Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover2
Signal Processing - September 2016 - 1
Signal Processing - September 2016 - 2
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Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover3
Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover4
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