Signal Processing - September 2016 - 169

After the value of R LPS is obtained, the
renewed lower bound is updated. Then
the renormalization process is carried
out to guarantee that the most significant bit of the updated range value is
always one. After one bin is encoded
by the arithmetic coder, the estimated probability of the chosen context
should also be updated. Actually, the
probability of each context model is initialized to be 0.5 for both MPS and LPS
at the start of coding. With the coding
of some bins, the adaptive probability
estimation of MPS on the logarithm
domain is performed. The probability
estimation is fulfilled using only additions/subtractions and shifts, as in the
following formulas:
Z LogP
MPS = Log MPS + Log f,
]
]
if (LPS happens)
, (11)
[
] LogPMPS = + (PMPS >> cw),
]
if (MPS happens)
\
-cw

where f is equal to ^1 - 2 h . Here, cw
is the size of the sliding widow to control the speed of probability adaptation,
and it is constant.
In summary, the arithmetic coder in
IVC replaces the traditional multiplications for range updating and probability
estimation updating with additions by
combining the original domain and the
logarithmic domain. Refer to [14] for
detailed explanations.

Loop filtering
An expired patent deblocking filter
[15] is utilized to process all 8 # 8
block edges of a picture to reduce the
blocking artifact, except the edges at
the boundary of the picture, as shown
in Figure 9. This filtering process
is performed on a macroblock basis
after the completion of the picturereconstruction process prior to the
deblocking filter process for the entire
decoded picture, with all macroblocks

p3 p2 p1 p0 q0 q1 q2 q3

Figure 9. The horizontal or vertical edge sample

of an 8 # 8 block.

in a picture processed in order of increasing macroblock addresses. The
deblocking filter process is invoked for
the luma and chroma components separately. For each macroblock, the vertical edges are filtered first, from left
to right, and then the horizontal edges
are filtered from top to bottom. Sample
values above and to the left of the current macroblock that may have already
been modified by the deblocking filter
process operation on previous macroblocks shall be used as input to the
deblocking filter process on the current
macroblock and may be further modified during the filtering of the current
macroblock. Sample values modified
during the filtering of the vertical edges
are used as input for the filtering of the
horizontal edges for the same macroblock. If the level differences between
the two border pixels in the same block
and between the two border pixels in
different adjacent blocks meet certain
conditions, the edge is filtered. Here,
the edge is defined as edges between
all 8 # 8 blocks inside the macroblock
and the upper and left edges of the current macroblock. There are three kinds
of filtering methods: strong loop filtering, normal loop filtering, and weak
loop filtering.
The conditions of loop filtering are:
■ abs ^ p0 - p1 h < b && abs ^ q0 - q1 h
 abs ^ p0 - p1 h &&
abs ^q0 - p0h > abs ^q0 - q1h
■ abs ^ q0 - p0 h < a
■ abs ^ p2 - p0 h < b && abs (q2 - q0)



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Signal Processing - September 2016

Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover1

Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover2

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 1

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 2

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 3

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 4

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 5

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 6

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 7

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 8

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 9

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 10

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 11

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 12

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 13

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 14

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 15

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 16

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 17

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 18

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 19

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 20

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 21

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 22

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 23

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 24

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 25

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 26

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 27

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 28

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 29

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 30

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 31

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 32

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 33

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 34

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 35

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 36

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 37

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 38

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 39

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 40

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 41

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 42

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 43

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 44

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 45

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 46

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 47

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 48

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 49

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 50

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 51

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 52

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 53

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 54

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 55

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 56

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 57

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 58

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 59

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 60

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 61

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 62

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 63

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 64

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 65

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 66

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 67

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 68

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 69

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 70

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 71

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 72

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 73

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 74

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 75

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 76

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 77

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 78

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 79

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 80

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 81

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 82

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 83

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 84

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 85

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 86

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 87

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 88

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 89

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 90

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 91

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 92

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 93

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 94

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 95

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 96

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 97

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 98

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 99

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 100

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 101

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 102

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 103

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 104

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 105

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 106

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 107

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 108

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 109

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 110

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 111

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 112

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 113

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 114

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 115

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 116

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 117

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 118

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 119

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 120

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 121

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 122

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 123

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 124

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 125

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 126

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 127

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 128

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 129

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 130

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 131

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 132

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 133

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 134

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 135

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 136

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 137

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 138

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 139

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 140

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 141

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 142

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 143

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 144

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 145

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 146

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 147

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 148

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 149

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 150

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 151

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 152

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 153

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 154

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 155

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 156

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 157

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 158

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 159

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 160

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 161

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 162

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 163

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 164

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 165

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 166

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 167

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 168

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 169

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 170

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 171

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 172

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 173

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 174

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 175

Signal Processing - September 2016 - 176

Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover3

Signal Processing - September 2016 - Cover4


https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201809

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201807

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201805

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201803

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201801

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1117

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0917

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0717

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0517

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0317

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0117

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1116

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0916

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0716

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0516

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0316

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0116

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1115

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0915

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0715

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0515

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0315

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0115

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1114

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0914

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0714

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0514

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0314

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0114

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1113

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0913

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0713

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0513

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0313

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0113

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1112

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0912

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0712

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0512

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0312

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0112

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1111

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0911

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0711

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0511

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0311

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0111

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1110

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0910

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0710

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0510

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0310

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0110

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1109

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0909

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0709

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0509

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0309

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0109

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1108

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0908

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0708

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0508

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0308

https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0108


https://www.nxtbookmedia.com