Signal Processing - September 2017 - 132

t1

t2

d=

(ν 1ν 2)

Rx

t1

ν1

Time

Tx
TDoF
(t3 - t2)ν 1ν 2

ν2

Tx

t2
t3
Rx

t1

Variations across competitions
The competition is colocated with the Association for
Computing Machinery/IEEE International Conference on
Information Processing in Sensor Networks. As a result, the evaluation area used each year depends on the available space at the
conference venue and the country where the conference takes
place. Because of this, the evaluation area varies every year.
Figure 3 shows the evaluation areas and the evaluation
points used in the last four competitions. In 2014, a relatively
small area of 300 m2, consisting of two rooms and a hallway,
was used. In 2015, a large 2,000-m2 open-space area that featured only two rooms was used. In 2016, the evaluation area
included a single open-space area of approximately 465 m2. In
2017, a 600-m2 area spanning two floors with a large atrium
and 18-ft tall stairs/escalators was used as the evaluation area.
All teams were required to report 2-D locations for each
evaluation point. The only exceptions were the teams in the

t2

Time

TDoA
∆d = ν (t3 - t2)

Note that when evaluating a team, the organizers visit the
evaluation points in sequence (start with evaluation point one,
and end with evaluation point 20). However, the moving path
is not predetermined. A different path and moving pattern can
be taken every time. Also, the competition area is open to
people during the actual evaluation of the teams. For the most
part, many people walk around the evaluation area or closely
observe the evaluation process of each system.

ν

Time

ToF
d = ν (t2 - t1)

t3

Tx(1)

Tx(2)

Rx

Power

Power

(a)

Time
(b)

Time
(c)

FIGURE 2. The ranging techniques for indoor localization and the advantage
of UWB pulses. (a) The ranging primitives and (b) the normal RF pulses
versus (c) the narrow RF pulses.

17

20

19

18
7
9
11

8

16
10

15
14

12
Room A

6

5

13

4

1
2
3

Room B
(a)

(b)
3-D Errors

20

Y (m)

15
10
5
0
-5
-20

-10

0

10
X (m)
(c)

20

30

40
(d)

FIGURE 3. The different evaluation areas used in the last four Microsoft Indoor Localization Competitions. The evaluation points are also shown: (a) 2014 in

Berlin, Germany (300 m2); (b) 2015 in Seattle, Washington (2,000 m2); (c) 2016 in Vienna, Austria (465 m2); and (d) 2017 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (600 m2).

132

IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE

|

September 2017

|



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Signal Processing - September 2017

Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover1
Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover2
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 1
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 2
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 3
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 4
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 5
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 6
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 7
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 8
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 9
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 10
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 11
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 12
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 13
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 14
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 15
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 16
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 17
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 18
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 19
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 20
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 21
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 22
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 23
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 24
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 25
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 26
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 27
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 28
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 29
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 30
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 31
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 32
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 33
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 34
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 35
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 36
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 37
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 38
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 39
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 40
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 41
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 42
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 43
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 44
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 45
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 46
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 47
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 48
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 49
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 50
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 51
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 52
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 53
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 54
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 55
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 56
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 57
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 58
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 59
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 60
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 61
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 62
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 63
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 64
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 65
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 66
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 67
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 68
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 69
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 70
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 71
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 72
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 73
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 74
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 75
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 76
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 77
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 78
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 79
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 80
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 81
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 82
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 83
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 84
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 85
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 86
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 87
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 88
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 89
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 90
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 91
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 92
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 93
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 94
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 95
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 96
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 97
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 98
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 99
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 100
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 101
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 102
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 103
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 104
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 105
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 106
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 107
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 108
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 109
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 110
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 111
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 112
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 113
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 114
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 115
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 116
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 117
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 118
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 119
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 120
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 121
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 122
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 123
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 124
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 125
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 126
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 127
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 128
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 129
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 130
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 131
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 132
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 133
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 134
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 135
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 136
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 137
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 138
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 139
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 140
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 141
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 142
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 143
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 144
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 145
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 146
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 147
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 148
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 149
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 150
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 151
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 152
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 153
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 154
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 155
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 156
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 157
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 158
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 159
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 160
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 161
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 162
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 163
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 164
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 165
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 166
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 167
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 168
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 169
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 170
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 171
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 172
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 173
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 174
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 175
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 176
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 177
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 178
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 179
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 180
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 181
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 182
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 183
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 184
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 185
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 186
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 187
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 188
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 189
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 190
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 191
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 192
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 193
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 194
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 195
Signal Processing - September 2017 - 196
Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover3
Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover4
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