Signal Processing - September 2017 - 72
ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING
FOR GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS
Pau Closas and Adrià Gusi-Amigó
Direct Position Estimation of GNSS Receivers
Analyzing main results, architectures, enhancements, and challenges
T
his article discusses theoretical and practical aspects of
direct position estimation (DPE) of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. DPE is an alternative approach
to the well-established positioning method, where time delays
and Doppler shifts to the visible satellites are estimated to solve
for a geometrical problem to compute the receiver's position.
In contrast, DPE infers position directly from the sampled data
without intermediate steps. This approach has been seen, both
theoretically and experimentally, to substantially increase the
receiver's accuracy and reliability.
Introduction
©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/COFOTOISME
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSP.2017.2718040
Date of publication: 6 September 2017
72
GNSS is the general concept used to identify those systems
that allow user positioning based on a constellation of satellites.
Therefore, the term GNSS includes the American global positioning system (GPS), European Galileo, Russian GLONASS,
and Chinese BeiDou systems. These systems rely on the same
principle: the user-a person or a device equipped with a GPS
(for instance, a car or a smartphone)-computes its position
by means of measured distances between the receiver and a
set of visible satellites. These distances are calculated by estimating the propagation time that transmitted signals take from
each satellite to the receiver. Then, these distances are used to
obtain the user position by means of a procedure referred to
as multilateration. Popular GNSS textbook references are, for
instance, [1]-[5].
Precise and reliable positioning and timing are of paramount importance today in several mass-market civil, industrial, and transport applications; safety-critical receivers;
critical infrastructures; and a plethora of engineering fields.
In general, GNSS is the positioning technology of choice,
but these systems were originally designed to operate under
clear skies, and its performance clearly degrades under nonnominal conditions [6]. Therefore, the main difficulty in using
GNSSs appears in challenging, harsh propagation scenarios
naturally impaired by multipath, shadowing, high dynamics,
strong fading, or ionospheric scintillation. In the last decade,
the mitigation of such vulnerabilities has been the main driver
IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE
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September 2017
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1053-5888/17©2017IEEE
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Signal Processing - September 2017
Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover1
Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover2
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Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover3
Signal Processing - September 2017 - Cover4
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