Signal Processing - November 2016 - 30
30
IEEE SIgnal ProcESSIng MagazInE
|
November 2016
|
Yes
FIguRe 6. Toyota's DSM algorithm.
The Candidate Is
Temporarily Classified as
a New Template.
No
Have
There Been
any Templates
of QRS Complex
Already?
Slicing Off a
Range Including
Each Candidate
Searching Candidates for
QRS Complex by a Peak
Detection Algorithm from
First Differentiation of
Digitized ECG
ECG Signal
S
RR Interval {I }
QRS Complex
I = [I1, . . .,In ]T, n = 1, . . . , M
S
Yes
The Candidate Is
Classified as QRS
Complex. The QRS
Complex of the Maximum
r Replaces a Template
Which Matches QRS
Waves the Least
Frequently.
No
r ≥ 0.7?
Calculation of Correlation
Coefficient (r) Between
the Candidate and
Templates
If
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
RRI
Get RR Interval Without Outlier
(J > MedJ + σJ J < MedJ - σJ)
S
Consecutive Search of Outlier
Med J = med (J )
S
J = {Jn-5, Jn-4, . . . ,
Jn, Jn+1, ..., Jn+5}
S
Median Filtering
σJ = std (J )
S
Calculate SDJ
I is Set to J
S
(I > µI + 2σI I < µI + 2σI )
Then
S
S
Exclusion of Outliers
S
σI = std (I )
Yes
HR <
120 bpm
Yes
HR <
30 bpm
HR: Heart Rate
bpm: Beats per Minute
VT: Ventricular Tachycardia
VF: Ventricular Fibrillation
af: Atrial Fibrillation
aF: Atrial Flutter
LF/HF
HF
Continuously Increase (>30 min)
Detection of Imbalance of Autonomic Activity
AP
ST
No
AMI: Acute Myocardial Infarction
AP: Angina Pectoris
PAT: Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
AMI: Acute Myocardial Infarction
CAVB: Complete Atrioventricular Block
PSVT: Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
ln (LF), ln (HF), ln (LF/HF)
Approximate to Normal Distribution
LF (0.04 Hz~0.15 Hz)
HF (0.15~0.40 Hz)
LF/HF
FFT
Hanning Window
Linear Trend Removing
and Data Tapering
AMI
ST
No
HR > 120 bpm or HR < 30
Tachycardia Bradycardic
Arrhythmias Arrhythmias
Reducing the Loss of Stability
- YT, YF
- CAVB
- Af, aF
Dividing Data Using 50% Overlap - PSYT, PAT
- Dividing Data into 5 Epochs
- Ensemble Averaging
Confidence Enhancement
Sampling RRIn at 8 Hz
Detection of Abnormal HR
Data Sampling
S
µI = mean (I )
S
Calculate MI and SDI
QRS Detection Algorithm
(d) Detection Rules
(c) Signal Analysis
(b) Outlier Discard
(a) QRS Detection
Driver Status Analysis
Signal Enhancement
Signal Detection
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Signal Processing - November 2016
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover1
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover2
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 1
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 2
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 3
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 4
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 5
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 6
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 7
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 8
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 9
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 10
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 11
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 12
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 13
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 14
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 15
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 16
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 17
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 18
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 19
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 20
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 21
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 22
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 23
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 24
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 25
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 26
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 27
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 28
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 29
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 30
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 31
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 32
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 33
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 34
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 35
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 36
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 37
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 38
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 39
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 40
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 41
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 42
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 43
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 44
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 45
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 46
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 47
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 48
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 49
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 50
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 51
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 52
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 53
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 54
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 55
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 56
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 57
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 58
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 59
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 60
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 61
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 62
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 63
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 64
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 65
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 66
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 67
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 68
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 69
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 70
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 71
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 72
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 73
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 74
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 75
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 76
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 77
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 78
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 79
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 80
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 81
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 82
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 83
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 84
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 85
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 86
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 87
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 88
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 89
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 90
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 91
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 92
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 93
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 94
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 95
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 96
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 97
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 98
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 99
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 100
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 101
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 102
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 103
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 104
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 105
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 106
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 107
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 108
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 109
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 110
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 111
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 112
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 113
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 114
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 115
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 116
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 117
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 118
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 119
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 120
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 121
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 122
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 123
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 124
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 125
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 126
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 127
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 128
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 129
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 130
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 131
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 132
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 133
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 134
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 135
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 136
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 137
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 138
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 139
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 140
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 141
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 142
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 143
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 144
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 145
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 146
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 147
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 148
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover3
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover4
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