Signal Processing - November 2016 - 34

Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2006; his M.S.
degree in optics from the University of Central Florida,
Orlando, in 2009; and his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, in
2014. He is currently a research associate with the Cho Chun
Shik Graduate School for Green Transportation at the Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
Seung-Hyun Kong (skong@kaist.ac.kr) received his
B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Sogang
University, Seoul, South Korea, in 1992; his M.S. degree in
electrical and computer engineering from Polytechnic
University, New York, in 1994; and his Ph.D. degree in aeronautics and astronautics from Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California, in 2005. His research interests include vehicular
localization and navigation techniques, vehicular communication systems, cooperative vehicle systems, and advanced signal processing techniques for sensors and vehicular
applications. He is currently an associate professor in the Cho
Chun Shik Graduate School for Green Transportation at the
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South
Korea, where he has been a faculty member since 2010. He is
a Senior Member of the IEEE.
Hyunwoo Ko (kohyunwoo@kaist.ac.kr) received his B.S.
degree in mechanical and control engineering from Handong
Global University, Pohang, in 2014, and his M.S. degree from
the Cho Chun Shik Graduate School for Green Transportation
at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
Daejeon, South Korea, in 2016.

References

[1] S. C. Davis, S. W. Diegel, and R. G. Boundy, "Transportation Energy Data
Book: Edition 34," Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, report ORNL-6991, 2015.
[2] J. C. Fell and M. Freedman, "The relative frequency of unsafe driving acts in
serious traffic crashes," National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA), report DOT-HS-809-206, Washington, DC, 2001.
[3] B. C. Tefft, "Prevalence of motor vehicle crashes involving drowsy drivers,
United States, 2009-2013," Report Prepared for the American Automobile
Association (AAA) Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington, DC, 2014.
[4] T. Akerstedt, C. Bassetti, F. Cirignotta, D. Garcia-borreguero, M. Goncalves, J.
Horne, D, Leger, M. Partinen, T. Penzel, P. Philip, and J. C. Verster, "Sleepiness at
the wheel," Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilanc, European Sleep
Research Society, 2013.

[12] Mercedes-Benz. (2016). Attention assist system [Online]. Available: https://
techcenter.mercedes-benz.com/en_CA/attention_assist/detail.html
[13] T. Von Jan, T. Karnahl, K. Seifert, J. Hilgenstock, and R. Zobel, "Don't sleep
and drive-VW's fatigue detection technology," in Proc. 19th Int. Conf. Enhanced
Safety of Vehicles, 2005, pp. 1-12.
[14] Volvo Technology Corp., "Method for interpreting a drivers' head and eye
activity," Eur. Patent EP2204118B1, July 23, 2014.
[15] M. Walter, B. Eilebrecht, T. Wartzek, and S. Leonhardt, "The smart car seat:
Personalized monitoring of vital signs in automotive applications," Pers. Ubiquit.
Comput., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 707-715, 2011.
[16] T. Wartzek, B. Eilebrecht, J. Lem, H.-J. Linder, S. Leonhardt, and M. Walter,
"ECG on the road: Robust and unobtrusive estimation of heart rate," IEEE Trans.
Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3112-3120, 2011.
[17] K. Futatsuyama, T. Kawachi, and T. Nakagawa, "Cuffless blood pressure monitoring using steering wheel sensor system," Trans. Jpn. Soc. Med. Biol. Eng., vol. 52,
Supplement, pp. OS-67-OS-68, Oct. 2014.
[18] K. Futatsuyama, N. Mitsumoto, T. Kawachi, and T. Nakagawa, "Noise robust
optical sensor for driver's vital signs," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1024, 2011,
doi:10.4271/2011-01-1024.
[19] M. Osaka, H. Murata, Y. Fuwamoto, S. Nanba, K. Sakai, and T. Katoh,
"Application of heart rate variability analysis to electrocardiogram recorded outside
the driver's awareness from an automobile steering wheel," Circulation J., vol. 72,
no. 11, pp. 1867-1873, 2008.
[20] K. Sakai, K. Yanai, S. Okada, and K. Nishii, "Design of seat mounted ECG
sensor system for vehicle application," SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars-Electron. Electr.
Syst. 6(1):342-348, 2013, doi:10.4271/2013-01-1339.
[21] Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., "Driver's fatigue degree estimation apparatus and driver's fatigue degree estimation method," U.S. Patent 0 164 400 A1, June 18, 2015.
[22] M. Elgendi, B. Eskofier, S. Dokos, and D. Abbott, "Revisiting QRS detection
methodologies for portable, wearable, battery-operated, and wireless ECG systems,"
PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. e845101, 2014.
[23] P. E. McSharry, G. D. Clifford, L. Tarassenko, and L. A. Smith, "A dynamical
model for generating synthetic electrocardiogram signals," IEEE Trans. Biomed.
Eng., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 289-294, 2003.
[24] D. McDuff, S. Gontarek, and R. W. Picard, "Remote detection of photoplethysmographic systolic and diastolic peaks using a digital camera," IEEE Trans.
Biomed. Eng., vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 2948-2954, 2014.
[25] B. Kim, S.-H. Kong, and S. Kim, "Low computational enhancement of STFTbased parameter estimation," IEEE J. Select. Topics Signal Process., vol. 9, no. 8,
pp. 1610-1619, 2015.
[26] M. Z. Poh, N. C. Swenson, and R. W. Picard, "A wearable sensor for unobtrusive, long-term assessment of electrodermal activity," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.,
vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1243-1252, 2010.
[27] B. Winter Bruce and J. G. Webster, "Driven-right-leg circuit design," IEEE
Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. BME-30, no. 1, pp. 62-6, Jan. 1983.
[28] S. Leonhardt and A. Aleksandrwicz, "Non-contact ECG monitoring for automotive application," in Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Medical Devices and Biosensors,
Hong Kong, China, 2008, pp. 183-185.
[29] R. J. Prance, A. Debray, T. D. Clark, H. Prance, M. Nock, C. J. Harland, and
A. J. Clippingdale, "An ultra-low-noise electrical-potential probe for human-body
scanning," Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 291-297, 2000.

[5] Y. Dong, Z. Hu, K. Uchimura, and N. Murayama, "Driver inattention monitoring system for intelligent vehicles: A review," IEEE Trans Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 12,
no. 2, pp. 596-614, 2011.

[30] A. Schommartz, B. Eilbbrecht, T. Wartzek, M. Walter, and S. Leonhardt,
"Advances in modern capacitive ECG systems for continuous cardiovascular
monitoring," Acta Polytech., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 100-105, 2011.

[6] S. Boverie, "General driver monitoring module definition SoA," Public Rep.
DESERVE No. D3.2.1, 2013.

[31] B. Chamadiya, S. Heuer, U. G. Hofmann, and M. Wagner, "Towards a capacitively coupled electrocardiography system for car seat integration," in Proc. 4th
European Conf. Int. Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering, Berlin,
Germany, 2009, vol. 22, pp. 1217-1221.

[7] B. Eilebrecht, S. Wolter, J. Lem, H. J Lindner, R. Vogt, M. Malter, and S.
Leonhardt, "The relevance of HRV parameters for driver workload detection in real
world driving," presented at the IEEE Computing in Cardiology Conf., Krakow,
Poland, Sept. 2012.
[8] M. Osaka. (2012). Customized heart check system by using integrated information of electrocardiogram and plethysmogram outside the driver's awareness from an
automobile steering wheel [Online]. INTECH Open Access Publisher. Available:
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/27021.pdf
[9] L. D'Angelo and T. C. Luth, "Integrated systems for distraction-free vital signs
measurement in vehicles," ATZ Worldwide eMag., vol. 113, no. 11, pp. 52-56, 2011.
[10] L. T. D'Angelo, J. Parlow, W. Spiessl, S. Hoch, and T. C. Luth, "A system for
unobtrusive in-car vital parameter acquisition and processing," presented at the 4th Int.
Conf. IEEE Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, Munich, Mar. 2010.
[11] S. Heuer, B. Chamadiya, A. Gharbi, C. Kunze, and M Wagner, "Unobtrusive
in-vehicle biosignal instrumentation for advanced driver assistance and active safety,"
presented at the IEEE EMBS Conf., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.

34

[32] P. Hamilton, "Open source ECG analysis," in Proc. IEEE Computers in
Cardiology Conf., 2002, pp. 101-104.
[33] "Testing and reporting performance results of cardiac rhythm and ST segment
measurement algorithms," ANSI/Association for the Advancement of Medical
Instrumentation, Tech. Rep. EC57, 1998.
[34] B. Crone, "Mitigation strategies for ECG design challenges," Analog Devices
Inc., Tech. Rep. MS-2160, 2011.
[35] I. Akahashi, T. N. H. Kanamori, T. Tanaka, S. Kato, Y. Ninomiya, E.
Takeuchi, M. Makiguchi, and H. Aoki, "Automated safety vehicle stop system for
cardiac emergencies," presented at the IEEE Int. Conf. Emerging Technologies and
Innovative Business Practices for the Transformation of Societies, Balaclava,
Mauritius, 2016.

IEEE SIgnal ProcESSIng MagazInE

SP

|

November 2016

|


http://https:// http://techcenter.mercedes-benz.com/en_CA/attention_assist/detail.html http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/27021.pdf

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Signal Processing - November 2016

Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover1
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover2
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 1
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 2
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 3
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 4
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 5
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 6
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 7
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 8
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 9
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 10
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 11
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 12
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 13
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 14
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 15
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 16
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 17
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 18
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 19
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 20
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 21
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 22
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 23
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 24
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 25
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 26
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 27
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 28
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 29
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 30
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 31
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 32
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 33
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 34
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 35
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 36
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 37
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 38
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 39
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 40
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 41
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 42
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 43
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 44
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 45
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 46
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 47
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 48
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 49
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 50
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 51
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 52
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 53
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 54
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 55
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 56
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 57
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 58
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 59
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 60
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 61
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 62
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 63
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 64
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 65
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 66
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 67
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 68
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 69
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 70
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 71
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 72
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 73
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 74
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 75
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 76
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 77
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 78
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 79
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 80
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 81
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 82
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 83
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 84
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 85
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 86
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 87
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 88
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 89
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 90
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 91
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 92
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 93
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 94
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 95
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 96
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 97
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 98
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 99
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 100
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 101
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 102
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 103
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 104
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 105
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 106
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 107
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 108
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 109
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 110
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 111
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 112
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 113
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 114
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 115
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 116
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 117
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 118
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 119
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 120
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 121
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 122
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 123
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 124
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 125
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 126
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 127
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 128
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 129
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 130
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 131
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 132
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 133
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 134
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 135
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 136
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 137
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 138
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 139
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 140
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 141
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 142
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 143
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 144
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 145
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 146
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 147
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 148
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover3
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0917
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0717
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0517
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0317
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0916
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0716
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0516
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0316
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1115
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0915
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0715
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0515
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0315
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0115
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1114
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0914
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0714
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0514
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0314
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0114
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1113
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0913
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0713
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0513
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0313
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0113
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0512
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0312
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0511
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0510
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0509
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_1108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0508
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0308
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/signalprocessing_0108
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com