Signal Processing - November 2016 - 8
special reports
John Edwards
Signal Processing at the Heart of a Health-care renaissance
As people live longer, new technologies promise better and less costly diagnostic services
G
lobal life expectancy is rising thanks,
in no small measure, to advancements in medical diagnostic and
treatment technologies. According to the
World Health Organization (WHO), 71.4
years was the average life expectancy at
birth of the global population in 2015.
There is reason to believe that this number will climb even higher in the years
ahead as living standards increase,
access to medical services improves, and
innovative new health-care technologies
become available.
On the opposite side of the coin, longer lifespans pose a serious health-care
challenge. As more people survive into
old age, the demand for high-quality
medical services will almost certainly
increase. Yet with health-care costs
already climbing rapidly worldwide,
governments and other health-care providers will soon face a sobering choice:
reduce and/or ration medical services or
turn to a new generation of medical technologies that can sustain current service
levels at an affordable cost.
In some places, the future is already
here. According to 2014 Japanese government estimates, 33.0% of the country's population is above age 60, 25.9%
are aged 65 or above and 12.5% are
aged 75 or above. Many other nations,
particularly in Western Europe, are well
on the way to posting similar numbers.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSP.2016.2598884
Date of publication: 4 November 2016
8
Three-dimensional skin
cell imaging
apply it to study several different models of human disease," says graduate
student Elliott SoRelle, a coresearcher
As the world looks for ways of making
on the project with Adam de la Zerda,
health care both better and more affordan assistant professor of structural bioloable, signal processing is playing an
gy at Stanford. "We've come a long way
important role in the creation of a new
with this project, including the groundgeneration of promising diagnostic and
up development of biocompatible
treatment technologies. In areas such as
nanoparticle contrast agents and rigormedical imaging, medical device conous testing and validation of our image
nectivity, and health monitors, signal
processing methods."
processing is playing
The new imaging
an essential role in
as the world looks for
approach builds on
technology developan existing technique
ment and operation.
ways of making health
for examining live
At Stanford Unicare both better and
tissue buried several
versity, researchers are
more affordable, signal
millimeters under the
using signal processprocessing is playing
skin. Yet that teching in a technology
an important role in
nology-optical cothat creates real-time
the creation of a new
herence tomography
three-dimensional
(OCT)-isn't sensitive
(3-D) images of indigeneration of promising
or selective enough
vidual cells in a living
diagnostic and treatment
to resolve images of
animal. The technique
technologies.
individual cells. Motakes viewers deep
zart not only images
under the subject's
single cells but addresses a major chalskin, showing molecular-level real-time
lenge facing diagnosticians: differentidetails of lymph and blood vessels (Figating between types of cells or tissues
ure 1). The molecular imaging and
(such as detecting the cancerous cells
characterization of tissue noninvasively at
that are beginning to multiply within an
cellular resolution technique (dubbed Mooverall healthy tissue).
zart, for short) promises to noninvasively
In conventional microscopy, scienallow physicians to detect tumors in places
tists have access to agents that latch onto
such as the skin, colon, or esophagus, as
and highlight structures of interest and
well as to view the abnormal blood vesprovide a view of where they are within
sels that signal the initial stages of macular
a cell or body. OCT, however, lacks such
degeneration, a leading cause of blindness.
helpful beacons. The Stanford research"We developed Mozart over the past
ers understood that tiny particles-gold
several years, and we are continuing to
IEEE SIgnal ProcESSIng MagazInE
|
November 2016
|
1053-5888/16©2016IEEE
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Signal Processing - November 2016
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover1
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover2
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 1
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 2
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 3
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 4
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 5
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 6
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 7
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 8
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 9
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 10
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 11
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 12
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 13
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 14
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 15
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 16
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 17
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 18
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 19
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 20
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 21
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 22
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 23
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 24
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 25
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 26
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 27
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 28
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 29
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 30
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 31
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 32
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 33
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 34
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 35
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 36
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 37
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 38
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 39
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 40
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 41
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 42
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 43
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 44
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 45
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 46
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 47
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 48
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 49
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 50
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 51
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 52
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 53
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 54
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 55
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 56
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 57
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 58
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 59
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 60
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 61
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 62
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 63
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 64
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 65
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 66
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 67
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 68
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 69
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 70
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 71
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 72
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 73
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Signal Processing - November 2016 - 76
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 77
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 78
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 79
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 80
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 81
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 82
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 83
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 84
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 85
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 86
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 87
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 88
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 89
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 90
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 91
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 92
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Signal Processing - November 2016 - 95
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 96
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 97
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 98
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 99
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 100
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 101
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 102
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 103
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 104
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 105
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Signal Processing - November 2016 - 147
Signal Processing - November 2016 - 148
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover3
Signal Processing - November 2016 - Cover4
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