IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 27

Additional Information (Continued)
In [12], a modified Jaya algorithm and fuzzy-based
integral controller were proposed for controlling the
frequency variation in the IEEE 39 bus system using ISE as
the objective function. In [13], a salp swarm algorithmbased
PID controller was proposed for the LFC considering
IAE, ISE, ITSE, and ITAE as performance indices in a hybrid
renewable power system model.
The authors in [14] proposed a modified sine-cosine
algorithm and fuzzy-based PID controllers for frequency
control in a hybrid power system. In [15], the authors used
a linear active disturbance rejection method and the
GSA to optimize the performance of the LFC of a two-area
interconnected power system. A PI controller was used, and
ITAE was considered as a performance index.
In [16], the authors proposed an FA-based PI controller
for the LFC in a PV integrated thermal power system. The
performance of the algorithm was compared with that of a
GA. The author in [17] proposed a fuzzy-based PI controller
for two-area nonreheater power systems, considering the
generation rate constraint. The gains of the PI controller were
optimized through the imperialist competitive algorithm
(ICA), considering ISE as an objective.
In [18], a distributed control scheme was proposed
using a nonsmooth cost in an IEEE 68 bus system for the
LFC. In [19], the authors proposed an adaptive LFC using
electrosearch optimization for a two-area interconnected
power system with an author-defined objective function.
In [20], a fuzzy PID controller plus double integral controller
was proposed with the ICA for the LFC in multiarea power
systems. In [21], the author proposed a state feedback-based
decentralized controller to study the communication delay
and packet loss effect in load frequency control performances.
In [22], a differential feedback controller (DFC) was proposed
for frequency control in multiarea, multisource power systems,
considering PSO and ITAE as objective functions.
In [23] and [24], PI controllers were proposed using a
modified whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and PSO-WOA,
respectively, for interconnected power systems, considering
different performance indices. In [25] and [26], the gains
of PI controllers were optimized using the WOA for two-area
power systems and the BFO algorithm for three-area power
systems using ITAE as an objective function. In [27], the
author proposed an ICA-based fuzzy PID and PI controllers for
frequency control in multisource, multiarea power systems.
Table S1. A sensitivity analysis of the two-area PV integrated thermal
power system considering parametric uncertainty.
T f1
Parameter % Change
Nominal
Only K ps
Only Tps
Only Tt
Only Tsg
Only R
KT Tps ps t
TR ,andsg
,, ,
+25
−25
+25
−25
+25
−25
+25
−25
+25
−25
+25
−25
Mp (Hz) (−ve)
(×10−3)
3.4409
3.4401
3.4423
3.4421
3.4398
3.5018
3.3735
3.4677
3.4181
3.7208
3.1995
3.8046
3.1096
ISE
ts (s)
8.51
8.51
8.51
8.51
8.5
8.56
8.45
8.52
8.49
(×10−5)
9.9612
9.9621
9.9598
9.9611
9.9613
9.9885
9.9339
9.9717
9.9516
7.87 12.1252
8.69
7.89
8.63
8.3289
12.165
8.2936
Mp (Hz)
(−ve)
(×10−3)
3.4922
3.5341
3.4573
3.4708
3.544
3.4937
3.4897
3.5276
3.4409
3.5409
3.4461
3.569
3.4066
Tf2
ISE
ts (s)
9.86
9.86
9.85
9.86
9.86
9.89
9.83
9.86
9.86
9.47
10.01
(×10−5)
9.8669
9.8682
9.8648
9.8663
9.8675
9.8862
9.8477
9.8773
9.8566
12.012
8.2501
9.51 12.0427
9.98
8.2205
Mp (p.u. MW)
(×10−4)
3.5803
3.578
3.5698
3.5832
3.5773
3.6418
3.5003
3.6396
3.5268
3.8443
3.3489
3.9526
3.208
TPtie
ISE
ts (s)
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.54
6.4
6.48
6.49
6.42
6.52
6.49
6.45
(×10−7)
1.334
1.3335
1.3349
1.3348
1.3332
1.3626
1.3015
1.3514
1.3186
1.5863
1.1384
1.6335
1.0935
(Continued)
July 2021 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE 27
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021

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