IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 7

Time
Requirements
Self-Organization
C
Emergent Composite
AA B
R1
t0
B
R2
R3
C
Mutates
A
R1
t1
B
R2
R3
E
Joins
Added
A
R4
t2
R5
R6
B
D
B
D
D
C
C
A
D
C
D
C
A
Replaced
E
D
Software
Component
Active
Requirement
Provides Port
Removed
Requirement
Requires Port
Figure 2. An example of a self-organizing software model.
self-organize once again to compose an entirely new computational
structure. In any time window, composite components
emerge without any central controller or leader.
Why Self-Organizing Software Models?
With the rapid advancement of hardware and communication
technologies, IoT systems are becoming increasingly
dynamic, functionally large, and extremely complex
to the extent that manual management becomes infeasible
(see " Self-Organizing Software Models for the IoT " ).
Dynamism, or churn [4], makes Things (and their software
components) constantly appear and disappear in
completely uncertain network environments [13]. This
can be a consequence of mobility, failures, or poor network
connections.
Functional scalability [4] is another problem that arises
from the fact that the functionality of one Thing can be
Self-Organizing Software Models
for the IoT
Self-organizing software models allow the evolution
of large-scale IoT software systems, which operate in
environments with a high degree of uncertainty,
complexity, and dynamism.
Self-Organizing
Interaction
Self-Organization
Rules
Assembly Connector
July 2021 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE
7

IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021

contents
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - contents
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 2
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 3
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 4
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 5
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 6
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 7
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 8
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 9
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 10
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 11
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 12
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 13
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 14
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 15
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 16
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 17
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 18
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 19
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 20
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 21
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 22
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 23
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 24
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 25
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 26
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 27
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 28
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 29
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 30
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 31
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 32
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 33
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 34
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 35
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 36
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - 37
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0717
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0716
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0715
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0115
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com