IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - January 2023 - 16
portion of the nodes, while the CEP method takes the reusability
of VNFs into consideration and makes the cost
lower. The number of nodes makes the distance longer,
leading to the communication cost being larger. Therefore,
the overall cost of CEP is better than VPE.
Figure 2(b) illustrates the cost compared with the
increasing number of requests with static nodes numbering
20. The number of 20 makes the resources in the edge system
rare. Because CE-VPS works in the public cloud, we
assume the price parameter as the cost of nodes and the cost
of installing different types of VNFs is the same in CE-VPS.
With the increasing number of requests, each VNF has to be
installed separately, so the cost is higher. The VPE method
places the VNFs based on the distance; however, the cost
of each node is not constant, so it might choose a higher
7.2
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
6
20
25
30
35
40
Number of Nodes
(a)
6.5
7
5.5
6
4.5
5
3.5
4
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Number of Request
(c)
CE-VPS
VPE
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Number of Request
(d)
CEP
Figure 2. Performance comparisons on cost, latency, and accepted ratio. (a) The total cost and node
comparison. (b) The total cost and request comparison. (c) The delay and request comparison. (d) The
accepted ratio comparison.
16 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE January 2023
45
50
cost but a close node to allocate VNFs. Our proposed CEP
method effectively slows down the increasing speed of cost
for the feature of VNF reusability, which reduces the installation
cost to some degree. Because more requests require
more VNFs to be allocated in the system, we see that costs
rise as requests grow. Therefore, the number of requests
affects the cost of the system.
The comparison of delay and number of requests is
shown in Figure 2(c). The delay parameter is considered in
these three works, so the performance is similar in this
dimension. The CEP method performs better because the
multiple usages of VNFs make the data transmission less
than the other two methods, so the latency is smaller.
CE-VPS always installs VNFs once the request is made,
which makes the position of the VNFs uncertain, which
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
6
7
8
9
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Number of Request
(b)
Delay
Overall Cost (k)
Accepted Ratio
Overall Cost (k)
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - January 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - January 2023
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