IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - January 2023 - 17

might make one request traverse among many links. Therefore,
the delay is larger. That is the reason why VPE performs
better than CE-VPS as it chooses a close distance for
each VNF, so the latency among links is small.
As we mentioned before, the tasks in this industry system
contain several requests, and only if all of the requirements
of those requests are satisfied can the tasks be
accepted. The accepted ratio is shown in Figure 2(d). We
assume that the number of nodes is static at 50, which
makes the resources sufficient to allocate most requests.
Note that the accepted ratio is decreased with the increment
of requests. The VPE method mainly focuses on the
cost of energy and communication, so the accepted ratio
drops sharply. While the CE-VPS method takes the delay
into consideration, its ratio drops gradually. The CEP
method considers the number of VNFs in one request;
therefore, its ratio is higher and more stable than the other
two methods.
Conclusion
This article outlines the justification for VNF placement for
industrial applications, along with some significant findings
about this issue and the overarching idea of minimizing the
expense of VNF placement. Based on those preliminary
studies, a detailed integer linear mathematical programming
optimization framework that incorporates VNF placement
for application services has been developed.
Additionally, a scale-free heuristic approach that can be
used in expansive industry networks adaptable to real-time
implementations has been presented because the problem
is NP-hard. The practicable performance of the suggested
cost-effective VNF location will be next examined.
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to express gratitude toward SEGi University
(SEGiIRF/2020-8/FoEBEIT-37/103) for supporting
the research.
About the Authors
Mingyue Liu (mingyue2022@126.com) is with the Department
of Information Technology, SEGi University, Petaling
Jaya 47810, Malaysia.
Syazwina Binti Alias (syazwinaalias@segi.edu.my) is
with the Department of Information Technology, SEGi University,
Petaling Jaya 47810, Malaysia.
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January 2023 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE 17
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - January 2023

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