IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Fall 2016 - 18
IC
Bipolar
VLSI
LSI
DTL, TTL, ECL
IIL/Analog
PMOS
MOS
BiCMOS
NMOS
Planar
LOCOS
Al-Gate
FD, SOTB
Hybrid
STI
SOS
Single Drain
Technology
Bulk CMOS
Bulk High-Speed CMOS
CMOS
SOI
LDD, Drain Extension
Strained Si
NV Memory
and Program
High-k, Metal-Gate
Si-Gate
3-D Stack
New
Technology
CMOS (Bulk)
1015
Computations/kWh
Integrated System
Bipolar and NMOS
1010
105
1
1940
Transistor
and IC
Challenge
More Transistors and Functions
Best Performance and Functions
Best Performance/Power
Digital-Analog Mix
Vacuum
Tube
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Challenge
Low Voltage
and Low Power
Programmability
Secure System
2020
2030
Year
Figure 1: computations per kilowatthour and the enabling technology. in the bottom figure [2], the data points were plotted from [3].
The top part of the image shows the past and the future enabling technologies [4].
the urban infrastructure has become a
key safety issue. Energy-embedded or
energy-harvesting sensors with wireless interfaces are the key components
a magnitude of 9.0, and the subsequent 14-20-m high tsunami that
caused the loss of over 18,000 lives
and the meltdown of nuclear reactors
JSSC has become international due to the
participation of engineers and affiliations
not only from ISSCC but from other conferences
and symposia worldwide.
in the system. Special dependability is
required for IT systems with a cognitive
computing or deep learning capability
because the major and important social
and personal decisions might be made
with the help of the IT system.
We experienced the East Japan
earthquake on 11 March 2011, with
18
FA L L 2 0 16
in Fukushima. At that time, infrastructures such as transportation
and the information systems were
lost. The loss of data was crucial
not only in the local governments
but in hospitals, banking, and the
supply chain. In the future, emergency local government equipped by
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
nonstopping IT systems and databases will be required.
Computations per kilowatthour
(kWh) of IT equipment and systems
have become the key issue in large
data centers as well as in the small
battery-operated mobile equipment
and Internet of Things sensors. In
the Ultra-low Voltage Device Project, performed in the Low Power
Electronics Association and Project
(LEAP) in 2010-2015, we made an
effort to find solutions for future
low-power information processing.
A silicon on thin-buried-oxide CMOS
(a hybrid of FD-SOI and bulk CMOS)
microprocessors with cache SRAM
and configurable logic using a programmable complementary atomswitch (a nonvolatile switch) was
operated at 0.35 V with energy of
around 15 pJ. In the year after 2020,
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Fall 2016
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