IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Fall 2016 - 18

IC
Bipolar

VLSI

LSI
DTL, TTL, ECL
IIL/Analog

PMOS

MOS

BiCMOS

NMOS

Planar

LOCOS

Al-Gate

FD, SOTB
Hybrid

STI

SOS
Single Drain

Technology

Bulk CMOS

Bulk High-Speed CMOS

CMOS

SOI
LDD, Drain Extension
Strained Si

NV Memory
and Program

High-k, Metal-Gate

Si-Gate

3-D Stack

New
Technology

CMOS (Bulk)

1015

Computations/kWh

Integrated System

Bipolar and NMOS
1010

105

1
1940

Transistor
and IC
Challenge
More Transistors and Functions
Best Performance and Functions
Best Performance/Power
Digital-Analog Mix

Vacuum
Tube

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

Challenge
Low Voltage
and Low Power
Programmability
Secure System
2020

2030

Year

Figure 1: computations per kilowatthour and the enabling technology. in the bottom figure [2], the data points were plotted from [3].
The top part of the image shows the past and the future enabling technologies [4].

the urban infrastructure has become a
key safety issue. Energy-embedded or
energy-harvesting sensors with wireless interfaces are the key components

a magnitude of 9.0, and the subsequent 14-20-m high tsunami that
caused the loss of over 18,000 lives
and the meltdown of nuclear reactors

JSSC has become international due to the
participation of engineers and affiliations
not only from ISSCC but from other conferences
and symposia worldwide.
in the system. Special dependability is
required for IT systems with a cognitive
computing or deep learning capability
because the major and important social
and personal decisions might be made
with the help of the IT system.
We experienced the East Japan
earthquake on 11 March 2011, with

18

FA L L 2 0 16

in Fukushima. At that time, infrastructures such as transportation
and the information systems were
lost. The loss of data was crucial
not only in the local governments
but in hospitals, banking, and the
supply chain. In the future, emergency local government equipped by

IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE

nonstopping IT systems and databases will be required.
Computations per kilowatthour
(kWh) of IT equipment and systems
have become the key issue in large
data centers as well as in the small
battery-operated mobile equipment
and Internet of Things sensors. In
the Ultra-low Voltage Device Project, performed in the Low Power
Electronics Association and Project
(LEAP) in 2010-2015, we made an
effort to find solutions for future
low-power information processing.
A silicon on thin-buried-oxide CMOS
(a hybrid of FD-SOI and bulk CMOS)
microprocessors with cache SRAM
and configurable logic using a programmable complementary atomswitch (a nonvolatile switch) was
operated at 0.35 V with energy of
around 15 pJ. In the year after 2020,



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Fall 2016

IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Fall 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Fall 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Fall 2016 - 1
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