IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2015 - 36

load cell output with a 10-mV fullscale voltage to be digitized to over
80,000 noise-free codes (16.5 bits).
A simplified block diagram of the
AD7730 is shown in Figure 20.
Although certain versions of
early microcontrollers, such as the
Intel 8048 series introduced in 1976
[104], included on-chip 8-bit SAR
ADCs (8022), the resolution of the
integrated ADCs was not sufficient
for many industrial applications.
During the 1980s, the on-chip ADC
performance improved, and resolution increased to 10 bits.
One of the first attempts to integrate a microprocessor with a high
performance ADC and DAC was
Analog Devices's ADSP-21MSP50, a
16-bit audio codec with on-chip DSP.
In 1999 the ADuC812 MicroConverter precision analog microcontroller
was introduced. The MicroConverter
includes not only precision signal
conditioning circuitry (ADCs, DACs,
multiplexers, voltage reference, temperature sensor, etc.) but also flash
memory and an 8051-based microprocessor core. Later products
include 16-24-bit sigma-delta ADCs
and use more powerful cores, such
as the ARM7 time division multiplexor and the ARM Cortex M3 and
M4. This level of integration represents an optimum solution for many
general-purpose sensor signal conditioning, smart sensor, and signal
processing applications.

Summary
This article has traced converter history approximately to the end of the
20th century. We have seen the progression from early rack-mounted
instruments to modules, hybrids,
and ultimately ICs.
Modern converters make full use
of the power and speed scaling qualities of CMOS to achieve higher levels
of dc and ac performance, and the
specifications on converters have
become more standardized as well
as the associated test methodology.
In the next article, Dave Robertson examines the continuation of
data converter technology in the 21st

36

s u m m E r 2 0 15

century as well as how applications
drive converters and how data converter technology in turn influences
system architecture.

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IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE

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