IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 44

2,500

Bit Time (ps)

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6
0.8
1.0
Feature Size (µm)

CMOS Low-Lat
CMOS Low-Lat/Bidir

1.2

1.4

CMOS Serial
BiCMOS Serial

Figure 1: Link performance versus IC process technology trend lines (from [8]).

equalization. Receive-side equalization
was also demonstrated using a switchcapacitor FIR [6]. Decision-feedback
equalization on the receive side at multiple gigabytes per second (multi-Gb/s)

was also made possible by relaxing the
feedback latency constraint with loop
unrolling [15]. These approaches pioneered in Mark's research group have
established a common baseline architec-

ture for implementing modern energyefficient multi-Gb/s links (Figure 2).
As part of the investigation, Mark
explored the potential of using lowresolution analog-to-digital (A/D) and
digital to analog converters (D/A) in
serial links. Multilevel signaling pulseamplitude modulation (PAM) utilizes
less channel bandwidth for a given data
rate and has the potential to handle
channel loss without as much filtering.
This work, in collaboration with Mark's
colleagues [6], was one of the earliest
CMOS integrated PAM transceivers and
showed that the circuit requirements
and cost for implementing low-order
modulation (4-PAM) was not substantially higher than binary signaling
(2-PAM). However, the trade-off of the
reduced signal amplitude is highly
dependent on the channel. Additional
work, in collaboration with Rambus [18], showed a flexible approach
leveraging the same circuitry that
could easily be configured as 2- or
4-PAM, depending on channel, and easily adapted to the channel characteristics. This approach allows one to

Channel
TX
DATA

0.5

5 Tap
FIR

RX
DATA

TX

Tap Select
0.4

5 Tap
FIR
TX Drive/Equalizer: 5 Taps
1 (Pre) + 1 (Main) + 3 (Post)

0.3

0.2
RX Equalizer
5-17 Taps After Main
Pick Any 5 Taps

0.1

0
2

4

6

8

ns
Figure 2: PCB backplane channel pulse response and transceiver equalization architecture (from [18]).

44

s u m m e r 2 0 16

IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016

IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 1
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 2
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 3
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 4
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 5
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 6
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 7
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 8
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 9
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 10
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 11
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 12
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 13
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 14
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 15
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 16
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 17
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 18
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 19
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 20
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 21
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 22
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 23
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 24
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 25
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 26
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 27
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 28
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 29
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 30
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 31
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 32
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 33
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 34
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 35
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 36
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 37
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 38
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 39
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 40
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 41
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 42
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 43
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 44
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 45
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 46
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 47
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 48
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 49
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 50
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 51
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 52
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 53
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 54
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 55
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 56
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 57
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 58
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 59
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 60
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 61
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 62
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 63
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 64
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 65
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 66
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 67
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 68
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 69
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 70
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 71
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 72
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 73
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 74
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 75
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 76
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 77
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 78
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 79
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 80
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 81
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 82
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 83
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 84
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 85
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 86
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 87
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 88
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 89
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 90
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 91
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 92
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 93
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 94
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 95
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - 96
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - Cover3
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Summer 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2019summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2019winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2014
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com