IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine - Winter 2017 - 23

Kiran Gunnam, Joan Marc Català Pérez,
and Francisco Garcia-Herrero

Algorithms and
VLSI Architectures
for Low-Density
Parity-Check Codes
Part 2-Efficient coding architectures

T

his article is the second of a two-part tutorial about
low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. (The first part
appeared in the Fall 2016 issue.) Here, we describe the
min-sum decoding algorithm and explain the very-largescale integration (VLSI) architectures for nonlayered and
layered decoders and the techniques to reduce memory and logic requirements in their implementations, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each.

The Min-Sum Algorithm
The first LDPC decoding algorithm was based on the sum-product algorithm
(SPA) [1], which applied sums and products in the check node to update
messages. Due to its complexity and the required increase of hardware
resources, some suboptimal solutions were proposed. The min-sum algorithm is a reduced complexity decoding algorithm that, compared to the
SPA, simplifies operations in the check node [2]. The check-node algorithm
can be computed in two phases.
In the first phase of iteration l, the magnitudes of the messages are computed. These magnitudes represent the output messages' reliability. The
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSSC.2016.2622998
Date of publication: 23 January 2017

1943-0582/17©2017ieee

IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE

w i n t e r 2 0 17

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