IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 50

Fun Fact: Liu Yang, China's first female astronaut, performed
a 3-minute tai chi routine during her 2012 visit to China's Tiangong-1 space lab.
author of the recent book
China in Space. "They are
very disciplined in not letting
themselves be rushed. China
is very conscious of its
history. They've been doing
rocketry since 1274, so what's
the hurry?"
The Chinese expect to
finish their space station
around the time that
the International Space
Station runs out of funding,
and they hope to fill the
void. Already the Chinese
government has spoken
of allowing other nations'
astronauts to stay aboard the
station. China also intends
the station to facilitate even
more ambitious voyages into
the solar system.
"The Chinese have said
repeatedly that they are
not going to go into space,
land on the moon, look
around, say, 'Been there,

done that,' and consider
themselves done," says
Johnson-Freese. "They're
going to do stepping-stone
infrastructure, and in those
terms their space station
makes sense."
Where else might Chinese
astronauts go? Their current
program doesn't commit
to a crewed mission to the
moon, but many experts
believe the odds favor one.
A recent report published
by the Chinese Academy of
Sciences proposes a road
map that also mentions a
crewed lunar base, a crewed
mission to Mars, and robotic
exploration of other planets
by the year 2050.
That report lists
technologies that Chinese
researchers need to master,
including autonomous
navigation and high-speed
communication systems for

*hoNorable MeNTioN*

NaSa'S arTful
DoDgerS
A contest tests drones' ability
not to run into one another
robotiC AirCrAFt
from all around the United
States will compete later
this year near Edinburgh,
Ind., to determine which
can best sense other
craft and avoid colliding with them. NASA is
putting up a US $500 000 prize and plans
a more challenging contest in 2015, for
a prize of $1 million. -PhiliP ross

deep space, as well as fuel
cells and atomic generators
to power the spacecraft.
Activity on all these
engineering fronts could
indeed achieve the report's
stated goal, says Harvey: "By
2050, China should be the
leading scientific nation in
the world."
hainan island, which lies
south of Hong Kong in the
South China Sea, is the site
of one of the world's biggest
construction projects.
Workers are pouring
concrete near the town
of Wenchang for China's
fourth space-launch facility,
designed to accommodate
the next-generation Long
March 5 heavy-lift rockets.
These rockets are too big to
move to China's other three
launch sites-they don't fit
through the railway tunnels-
so workers are building the
large-diameter rockets in
the harbor city of Tianjin,
and then transporting them
by barge to Hainan.
The Hainan site is
expected to be operational
by the end of 2014, when it
will begin launching midsize
rockets; the Long March 5
is scheduled for completion
in 2015. What's more,
tourists will be able to take
in the show. The Chinese
space agency is building
resorts and a space theme
park on the island, which
will reportedly include an
aerospace museum and
spaceflight simulators.
Chinese space enthusiasts
will be able to take a holiday
in Hainan and, presumably,
enjoy the spectacle of their

own rockets soaring into
the stratosphere.
China's rockets aren't
just getting bigger; they're
getting better chemistry.
The first few Long March
rockets used highly toxic
and corrosive rocket fuels,
but the newest multistage
rockets use clean and
powerful liquid propellants
(kerosene and liquid oxygen
for the first stage, hydrogen
and liquid oxygen for the
upper stage). "In five years'
time, China will have a
completely new rocket fleet,"
says Harvey.
The crewed space
program may get most of
the attention, but China's
new rockets won't be used
only to launch space labs
and astronauts. Just as the
Chinese space station will
provide an alternative (or a
successor) to the ISS, China
is seeking to furnish the
world with an alternative to
today's two global satellite
navigation systems: GPS,
run by the United States,
and Russia's GLONASS.
China's BeiDou Navigation
Satellite System already
has 14 satellites in orbit,
according to a presentation
at the International
Astronautical Congress by
Ran Chengqi, director of the
China Satellite Navigation
Office. In December 2012
the system began providing
regional service for the
Asia Pacific, with coverage
stretching from China to
Australia. Ran announced
that more than 20 vehicle
manufacturers have already
begun installing dualmode navigation systems
iCon by

Greg Mably



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Spectrum January, 2014

IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 1
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 2
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 3
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 4
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 5
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 6
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 7
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IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 60
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 61
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IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 63
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 64
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IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 66
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 67
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 68
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 69
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 70
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 71
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 72
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 73
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 74
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 75
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - 76
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Spectrum January, 2014 - Cover4
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