IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 3

DEPARTMEnTS_01.13
DEPARTMEnTS_07.13

11

21

08

Online

Interplanetary GPS
Future spacecraft will navigate
by the light of dead stars.
By davey alba

Profile: Bre Pettis
The CEO of MakerBot is leading the
charge of the 3-D printing revolution.
By Rachel Courtland

12 Tidal Energy Turns a Corner
14 Graphene's Competition
15 Millimeter Waves for
5G Phones
18 The Big Picture

22
24
25
60

Spectral Lines
More information could enhance
cognition and lead to better decision
making-or drown us in a deluge of
data points.
By G. Pascal Zachary

Big data Is Changing everything
In a special report, IEEE Spectrum's
"Techwise Conversations" looks at
how IBM's Watson is learning to mine
millions of public databases, how a
lawyer's start-up mines court data,
and how supermarkets track shoppers' movements. Even the definition
of "data scientist" is changing, as two
other shows examine.

News

Resources

Hands On: Software Radio
Careers: Where the Jobs Are
First Look: Braille Smartphone
Dataflow: Measuring the global
carbon intensity of energy

Opinion

Spectrum.ieee.org

04 Back Story
06 Contributors
26 Reflections

from left: proposed sWansea bay tidal lagoon; rolex/ambroise tezenas; tom sibley/corbis

addItIOnaL ReSOuRCeS

Tech Insider / Webinars

The Institute

Available at spectrum.ieee.org/webinar

Available 8 July at theinstitute.ieee.org

Integrated Distribution GIS and Enterprise Asset Management Proof of
Concept at Southern Company
Challenges and Solution Needs for Delivering the Promise of NextGeneration Infotainment
Using MATLAB With COMSOL Multiphysics to Simulate and
Customize Designs
Diagnostic Grifols: Being Agile While Still Being Compliant
New Product release library
http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/new-product-release-library
ibM systeMs eNgiNeeriNg resource library
http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/ibm-systems-engineering-resource-library
Master boNd white PaPer library
http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/masterbond-whitepaper-library

sMell-o-VisioN is here Ever wish you could smell the objects
you see on TV? Two members recently demonstrated a prototype of
their Smelling Screen, an LCD monitor that releases scented vapor to
correspond with what's on the screen.
reachiNg For the stars Continuing education helped IEEE
Member Peter T. Johnson go from being a janitor at an elementary
school to an instrumentation engineer at NASA.
car talK This year's IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, to
be held in September in Las Vegas, will focus on what's happening
in wireless communication technology and its mobile, vehicular, and
transport applications.

Ieee SPeCtRuM
(issn 0018-9235) is published monthly by the institute of electrical and electronics engineers, inc. all rights reserved. © 2013 by the institute of electrical and electronics engineers, inc., 3 park avenue, new york, ny
10016-5997, u.s.a. volume no. 50, issue no. 7, north american edition. the editorial content of ieee spectrum magazine does not represent official positions of the ieee or its organizational units. canadian post international
publications mail (canadian distribution) sales agreement no. 40013087. return undeliverable canadian addresses to: circulation department, ieee spectrum, box 1051, fort erie, on l2a 6c7. cable address: itriplee.
fax: +1 212 419 7570. internet: spectrum@ieee.org. annual subscriptions: ieee members: $21.40 included in dues. libraries/institutions: $399. postmaster: please send address changes to ieee spectrum,
c/o coding department, ieee service center, 445 hoes lane, box 1331, piscataway, nJ 08855. periodicals postage paid at new york, ny, and additional mailing offices. canadian gst #125634188. printed at 120 donnelley dr.,
glasgow, ky 42141-1060, u.s.a. ieee spectrum circulation is audited by bpa Worldwide. ieee spectrum is a member of the association of business information & media companies, the association of magazine media, and
association media & publishing. ieee prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. for more information, visit http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.

SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG

|

nORTh AMERICAn

|

JUl 2013

|

03


http://Spectrum.ieee.org http://theinstitute.ieee.org http://spectrum.ieee.org/webinar http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/new-product-release-library http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/ibm-systems-engineering-resource-library http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/masterbond-whitepaper-library http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html http://SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Spectrum July, 2013

IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - Cover1
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - Cover2
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 1
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 2
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 3
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 4
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 5
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 6
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 7
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 8
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 9
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 10
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 11
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 12
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 13
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 14
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 15
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 16
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 17
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 18
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 19
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 20
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 21
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 22
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 23
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 24
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 25
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 26
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 27
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 28
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 29
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 30
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 31
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 32
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 33
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 34
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 35
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 36
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 37
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 38
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 39
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 40
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 41
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 42
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 43
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 44
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 45
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 46
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 47
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 48
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 49
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 50
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 51
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 52
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 53
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 54
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 55
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 56
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 57
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 58
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 59
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - 60
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - Cover3
IEEE Spectrum July, 2013 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0917
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0717
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0517
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0317
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0916
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0716
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0516
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0316
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1115
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0915
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0715
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0515
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0315
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0115
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1114
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0914
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0714
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0514
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0314
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0114
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1213
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1113
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0913
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0813
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0713
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0613
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0513
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0413
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0313
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0213
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0113
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0612
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0512
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0412
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0312
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0611
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0511
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0411
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0510
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0410
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0609
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0509
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0409
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0608
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0508
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0408
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0308
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_1007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0707
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0607
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0507
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0407
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/spectrum_na_0107
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com