IEEE Spectrum December, 2007 - 30

continUed

SPECTRUM'S TOP R&D SPENDERS
2006 2005

COMPaNy, COUNTRy

R&D ExPENDiTURES
(US $ MilliONS, lESS iN-PROCESS*)
2006
2005
% ChaNgE

R&D iNTENSiTy †
2006
2005

SalES ($ MilliONS)
2006
2005

R&D ExPENDiTURES PER
EMPlOyEE ($ ThOUSaNDS)
2006
2005

51

56

Schering-Plough Corp., U.S.

2173

1865

	 16.5%

10 547

9508

	 19.6%

65

57

52

50

Fujitsu ltd.,	Japan

2135

2030

	

5.2%

42 861

40	266

	

5.0%

	

5.0%

13

13

	 20.6%

53

47

Delphi Corp., U.S.

2100

2200

	

-4.5%

26 392

26	947

	

8.0%

	

8.2%

12

12

54

52

Procter & gamble Co., U.S.

2075

1940

	

7.0%

68 222

56	741

	

3.0%

	

3.4%

15

18

55

53

Nortel Networks Corp., canada

2032

1924

	

5.6%

11 829

10	906

	

17.2%

	

17.6%

60

54

56

49

Sun Microsystems inc., U.S.

2008

2046

	

-1.9%

13 873

13	068

	 14.5%

	 15.7%

53

54

57

54

alcatel-lucent, France

1906

1897

	

0.5%

16 143

17	265

	

11.8%

	 11.0%

21

33

58

61

SaP ag, Germany

1755

1431

	 22.6%

12 358

11	189

	 14.2%

	 12.8%

46

40

69 149

56	183

	

2.5%

18

17

9838

8876

	 16.9%

	 18.3%

32

33

59

64

BaSF ag, Germany

1679

1398

	 20.1%

60

59

STMicroelectronics NV, Switzerland

1659

1627

	

2.0%

2.4%

	

61

58

infineon Technologies ag, Germany

1630

1700

	

-4.1%

10 422

8884

	 15.6%

	 19.1%

39

47

62

62

Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Japan

1625

1426

	 13.9%

10 968

10	187

	 14.8%

	 14.0%

108

95

63

69

Sharp Corp., Japan

1596

1297

	 23.0%

26 285

23	506

	

6.1%

	

5.5%

33

28

64

76

genentech inc., U.S.

1588

1151

	 38.0%

9284

6633

	

17.1%

	

17.4%

151

121

65

65

United Technologies Corp., U.S.

1529

1367

	 11.9%

47 715

42	584

	

66

89

Qualcomm inc., U.S.

1516

1011

	 50.0%

7526

5673

3.2%

	

3.2%

7

6

	 20.1%

	

17.8%

135

109
20

67

60

Fujifilm holdings Corp., Japan

1488

1531

	

-2.8%

23 384

22	417

68

68

Daiichi Sankyo Co., Japan

1434

1334

	

7.5%

7811

7781

6.4%

	

6.8%

20

	 18.4%

	

17.1%

93

69

72

3M Co., U.S.

1427

1242

	 14.9%

22 923

21	167

72

6.2%

	

5.9%

19

18

70

74

astellas Pharma inc., Japan

1411

1194

	 18.2%

7737

7390

71

84

honeywell international inc., U.S.

1411

1072

	 31.6%

31 367

27	653

	

4.5%

	 16.2%
	

3.9%

102

80

12

72

73

Nestlé Sa, Switzerland

1410

1219

	 15.7%

80 077

74	072

	

1.8%

	

1.6%

5

9
5

73

92

BT group PlC, United	KinGdom

1349

947

	 42.4%

39 412

38	030

	

3.4%

	

2.5%

13

9
53

	
	

	 18.2%

74

70

Bayer Schering Pharma ag, Germany

1349

1291

	

4.5%

7449

6977

	 18.5%

58

75

81

Caterpillar inc., U.S.

1347

1084

	 24.3%

41 517

36	339

	

3.2%

	

3.0%

14

13

76

67

E.i. du Pont de Nemours & Co., U.S.

1302

1336

	

28 356

27	516

	

4.6%

	

4.9%

22

22

	

11.2%

38

-2.5%

	 18.1%

77

90

EMC Corp., U.S.

1254

1005

	 24.8%

11 155

9664

78

78

Medtronic inc., U.S.

1239

1113

	 11.3%

12 299

11	292

	 10.4%

40

	 10.1%

	

9.9%

33

79

119

google inc., U.S.

1218

578

	 110.9%

10 605

6139

	

31

11.5%

	

9.4%

114

102

	 21.3%

80

77

advanced Micro Devices inc., U.S.

1205

1144

	

5.3%

5649

5848

	 19.6%

73

116

81

82

aB Volvo, Sweden

1194

1080

	 10.5%

36 984

34	372

	

3.2%

	

3.1%

14

13

82

71

Unilever NV, netherlandS

1191

1253

	

-4.9%

52 105

52	144

	

2.3%

	

2.4%

6

6

83

83

Dow Chemical Co., U.S.

1164

1073

	

8.5%

49 124

46	307

	

2.4%

	

2.3%

27

25

84

80

akzo Nobel NV, netherlandS

1163

1096

	

6.1%

18 056

17	087

	

6.4%

	

6.4%

19

18

85

87

lockheed Martin Corp., U.S.

1139

1042

	

9.3%

39 620

37	213

	

2.9%

	

2.8%

8

8

86

95

applied Materials inc., U.S.

1138

941

	 21.0%

9167

6992

	 13.5%

81

73

	 12.4%

87

94

France Telecom Sa, France

1125

941

	 19.6%

67 956

64	455

1.5%

6

5

88

99

Novo Nordisk a/S, denmarK

1122

897

	 25.1%

6833

5954

	 16.4%

	 15.1%

48

41

	 64.0%

	 30.5%

	 25.5%

	

1.7%

	

89

115

Broadcom Corp., U.S.

1117

681

3668

2671

213

159

90

85

hyundai Motor Co., SoUth	Korea

1116

1068

	

4.5%

67 830

62	696

	

1.6%

	

1.7%

20

20

91

79

Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Japan

1115

1098

	

1.6%

32 403

30	289

	

3.4%

	

3.6%

11

11

92

88

NEC Electronics Corp., Japan

1107

1016

	

9.0%

5818

5429

	 18.7%

46

43

	 19.0%

93

86

Sanyo Electric Co., Japan

1070

1065

	

0.4%

19 401

20	878

	

5.5%

	

5.1%

11

10

94

66

lg Electronics inc., SoUth	Korea

1046

1357

	 -22.9%

49 384

47	365

	

2.1%

	

2.9%

34

43

95

108

	 25.7%

132

105

96

75

97

116

Electronic arts inc., U.S.

1041

758

37.3%

3091

2951

Fiat Spa, italy

1032

1186

	 -13.0%

68 127

61	177

Boston Scientific Corp., U.S.

1008

680

	 48.2%

7821

6283

	

98

91

QinetiQ group PlC, United	KinGdom

1005

997

	

0.8%

2240

2050

99

93

altria group inc., U.S.

1005

943

	

6.6%

70 324

68	920

100

96

Merck Kgaa, Germany

988

937

	

5.4%

8226

7716

	 33.7%

1.9%

6

7

	 12.9%

	 10.8%

35

34

	 44.9%

	 48.6%

79

87

	

	

1.5%

1.4%

	 12.0%

	

1.4%

6

5

	 12.1%

33

32

	

*less	in-process-r&d	expenditures	less	those	accrued	as	a	result	of	a	merger	or	acquisition.	†r&d	as	a	percentage	of	total	sales.
data	comes	from	fiscal	2005	and	2006	for	all	the	companies	except	microsoft	and	Sun	microsystems,	for	which	it	comes	from	fiscal	2006	and	2007.
Because	companies	have	restated	figures	for	2005,	rankings	may	differ	from	those	published	last	year.	Source:	Standard	&	poor's

paper reported that over the past four years, Samsung's massive
investment in R&D has had a great impact on the electronics
industry, prompting competitors to spend more on R&D." As
Spectrum reported last year, Samsung surpassed Intel as the leading spender on R&D in the semiconductor industry, a position the
South Korean company maintained this year in spite of doubledigit growth in Intel's spending [see "IBM Takes the Guesswork
Out of Services Consulting," Spectrum Online, December 2006].
Another metric of R&D is the number of patents that come
out of it. Of course here, too, there must necessarily be a lag
between the investment and the result. Samsung boasts of regis-

40	 IEEE	Spectrum	|	December	2007	|	NA		

tering 2474 new patents in the United States during 2006, raising
it three notches to place second, behind IBM, the world leader for
the 14th year in a row. The problem is that the business value of
patents varies greatly, so the sheer number of patents correlates
loosely at best with a firm's actual performance [see "Keeping
Score in the IP Game," Spectrum, November].
The filings also provide a window into R&D collaborations
between companies. For example, Motorola highlighted its
creation of a new joint research facility with Huawei Technologies,
in Shanghai, to bring the Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System and High-Speed Downlink Packet Access cellphone

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