IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 21

Sherali Zeadally is an Associate Professor in
the College of Communication and Information at
the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. Email:
szeadally@uky.edu.

Acknowledgment
The authors express gratitude to Katina Michael and
to the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions, which helped us to improve
the quality and presentation of this paper.

References

[1] f. Schreier, On Cyberwarfare: DCAF Horizons 2015 Working
Paper. Geneva: Defense Center for Armed forces, 2013.
[2] J. Lewis, "Cyberwar thresholds and effects," IEEE Security and
Privacy, pp. 23-29, Sept./Oct. 2011.
[3] M. Schmitt, Ed., Tallinn Manual on The International Law Applicable
to Cyberwarfare, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013.
[4] W. Jones, "Declarations of cyberwar: What the revelations about
the U.S.-Israeli origin of Stuxnet mean for warfare," IEEE Spectrum,
pp. 18, Aug. 2012.
[5] Deutsche Telekom AG, "Overview of current cyber attacks;" http://
www.sicherheitstacho.eu/, accessed June 6, 2013.
[7] Daily Mail Reporter, "Cyber attacks now fourth biggest threat to
global stability," Mail Online, Jan. 12, 2012; http://www.dailymail.
co.uk/news/article-2085876/Cyber-attacks-fourth-biggest-threat-global-stability-says-World-Economic-forum.html, accessed June 6, 2013].
[8] R. Clarke and R. Knake, Cyberwar: The Next Threat to National
Security and What to Do AboutIt. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 2010.
[9] M. Lesk, "The new front line: Estonia under cyberassault," IEEE
Security and Privacy, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 76-79, July-Aug. 2007.
[10] R. O'Harrow, Jr., Zero Day: The Threat in Cyberspace. New York,
NY: Diversion Books, Washington Post E-Book, 2013.

[11] B. Obama, "Executive order 13636: Improving critical infrastructure cybersecurity," Federal Register, vol. 78, no. 33, part III, feb.19,
2013.
[12] D. Warfield, "Critical infrastructures: IT security and threats from
private sector ownership," Information Security J.: A Global Perspective, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 127-136, 2012.
[15] G. Moreira Moura, Internet Bad Neighborhoods. The Netherlands, University of Twente, dissertation, 2013.
[16] J. Laprise, "Cyberwarfare seen through a mariner's spyglass,"
IEEE Technology and Society Mag., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 26-33, 2006.
[17] Georgia Tech Information Security Center and the Georgia Tech
Research Institute, Emerging Cyber Threats Report 2013, presented at
the Georgia Tech Cyber Security Summit, 2012.
[18] R. Haddick, "This week at war: Lessons from cyberwar I," Foreign
Policy, Jan. 28, 2011; http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/28/
this_week_at_war_lessons_from_cyberwar_i?print=yes&hidecomments
=yes&page=full, accessed May 21, 2013.
[19] J. Newman, "The flame Virus: Your fAQS answered," PC World, May
30, 2012; http://www.pcworld.com/article/256508/the_flame_virus_your_
faqs_answered.html, accessed June 4, 2013.
[20] J. Menn, "Middle East cyber attacks on US banks were highly sophisticated," Huffington Post, Oct. 2, 2012; http://www.huffingtonpost.com/
2012/10/02/middle-east-cyber-attacks-us-banks_n_1933943.html, accessed May 23, 2013.
[21] N. Perlroth, "In cyberattack on Saudi firm, U.S. sees Iran striking
back," NY Times, Oct. 23, 2012; http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/
business/globa l /cyberat t ack- on-saud i- oil-f i r m- d isquiets-us.
html?pagewanted=all, accessed June 8, 2013.
[22] D. Sanger, and N. Perloth, "Cyberattacks against U.S. corporations are
on the rise," NY Times, May 12, 2013; http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/13/
us/cyberattacks-on-rise-against-us-corporations.html?pagewanted=all&_
r=0, accessed June 5, 2013.
[23] L. Orman, "Technology as Risk," IEEE Technology and Society
Magazine, pp. 23-31, Summer 2013.
[24] J. Clough, Principles of Cybercrime. New York, NY: Cambridge
Univ. Press, 2012.

IEEE-SSIT E-Newsletter
The IEEE-SSIT e-newsletter is delivered to all SSIT
members three times per year via email, and is a key
member benefit. Please send newsletter submissions
and contributions to:
deepakmathur@ieee.org.

IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE

|

fALL 2014

|

21


http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/28/ http://www.pcworld.com/article/256508/the_flame_virus_your_ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ http://http:// http://www.sicherheitstacho.eu/ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/ http://www.dailymail http://www.co.uk/news/article-2085876/Cyber-attacks-fourth-biggest-threat-glob http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/13/

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 4
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 5
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 6
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 7
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 8
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 9
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 10
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 11
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 12
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 13
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 14
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 15
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 16
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 17
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 18
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 19
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 20
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 21
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 22
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 23
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 24
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 25
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 26
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 27
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 28
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 29
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 30
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 31
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 32
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 33
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 34
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 35
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 36
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 37
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 38
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 39
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 40
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 41
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 42
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 43
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 44
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 45
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 46
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 47
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 48
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 49
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 50
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 51
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 52
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 53
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 54
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 55
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 56
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 57
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 58
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 59
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 60
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 61
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 62
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 63
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 64
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 65
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 66
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 67
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 68
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 69
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 70
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 71
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 72
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 73
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 74
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 75
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 76
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 77
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 78
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 79
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 80
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com