IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Fall 2014 - 53
were deployed by cloud providers.
Similarly, a secure "TCF migration"
protocol could be envisaged based on
the migration protocol designed for
the TPM hardware. Such a migration
protocol would allow a TCF-owner
to safely move their TCF from one
cloud provider to another with a
higher degree of assurance [11].
How TCC and TCF Enable
Users to Self-Organize
OMS Communities
Given these considerations concerning data commons, digital law,
security and privacy, the OMS uses
the notion of manifests to express
modes of operation for a given TCF
as well as the rules of behavior for
a community that has been established using a TCF.
When one or more users seek
to establish a self-organizing
community, they must define the
purpose of the community and a
number of "operating rules" that
are expressed internally within the
TCF as manifests. For example, the
manifest must be able to represent
and implement:
■■
■■
■■
■■
■■
■■
how the group is to be formed,
governed, managed and evolved;
how users interact and share
information based on individual consent;
what data is collected, and
how they are accessed, stored
and logged/audited;
access policies and accesscontrol mechanisms by which
the data is protected;
how a user may join, suspend
or withdraw from the community or institution, and how
their personal data can be
extracted upon departure; and
what data is retained regarding
a departed user and the fact
of his/her participation in the
community or institution.
It is worth emphasizing here
that an individual may participate
in several digital communities,
own and operate multiple TCFs,
and thereby have "slices" of their
personal data spread across several digital communities (without
any sharing of information among
those communities).
small scale, this use-case illustrates
the potential for the OMS as a technical mechanism to pool resources (in
this case the vehicles in the neighborhood) towards a common goal [3].
OMS for Collective Action:
Social Use-Cases
Migrateable Platform
for Digital Assets Exchange
One key aspect of the OMS design
is the ability for applications to be
executed within the TCC, thereby
allowing communities to choose
not only the specific goals of their
shared community TCC but also
the specific applications that realize the shared goals. This aspect is
attractive to communities with dispersed members wishing to share
or exchange digital assets or currencies, such as BitCoin [13] or Ven
[14]. Thus, for example, a community TCC could run a trading application that essentially makes the
TCC into a community-operated
exchange for assets, one that was
There are a number of features of
the OMS whose merits are best illustrated through use-cases or scenarios,
and which therefore point to the
potential impact of the OMS aspects
to future digital communities as presented in the previous section.
Neighborhood Digital
Communities
One of the motivating use-cases early
in the development of the OMS is the
need for people living in neighborhoods to share data without being
tied to or dependent upon current
social networks. An example is a
group of parents wishing to estab-
An individual may participate
in several digital communities,
and have "slices" of their personal
data spread across several digital
communities.
lish a car pool schedule for children
living in the same area. Each family
would establish a family TCC that
would collect and retain data about
the family's schedules, the GPS locations of all the family members, and
other family-related behavioral data.
Families who wish to participate in
car pool scheme would collectively
establish a community TCC into
which they would contribute data
(e.g., daily schedule) from their private family TCC. The community
TCC would have its own "social contract" with its members, enabled and
enforced by the TCC.
In this use-case the OMS facilitates group actions [1] while preserving privacy and resilience of personal
data through the distributed model
[12] of the family TCCs. Although
IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE
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FALL 2014
potentially independent of any sovereign. The migratable feature of the
TCC/TCF construct means that it is
not tied to any computer system or
hosted service on the Internet.
Quantified-Self Massive
Scale Data Sharing
The recent explosion in public interest in the quantified self is easily
gauged by the increasing numbers
of personal health related gadgets
and electronic devices. Other similar
movements are also emerging seeking to collectively use personal data
to better society and the environment (e.g., the Billion Person Project [15]). One common requirement
in these efforts is the need to share
data across communities, states, and
even nationalities in order to obtain
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