IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2017 - 55

group striving to achieve its goals - and as a remedy
for lack of personal control [22], [23]. For example,
agency can be found in Schwartz's theory as the values of freedom, self-direction, and so on, at the individual level, but there are no values identified that
would promote collective agency - such as social
transparency, collective self-direction, or collective
awareness. These qualities should be, as argued elsewhere in this issue [9], available to the communities
by design. This design should not only contain technical solutions (e.g., blockchain) that remove the need
of an intermediary (owner of the platform), but also
implement self-governance mechanisms that would
help community to self-organize and develop collective awareness.
We could argue that up to now this has not been an
issue for scientific literature because the collectives
that naturally formed were rather small and limited in
the ways they proceeded, in the variability of constituting individuals (the values they pursued), and in the
scope of possible actions. With the advent of ICT mediated social systems, the collectives are now much more
complex, display more varied behavior, can set more
challenging goals and have more opportunities to selforganize. Therefore ICT has fostered a rise in collective
agency for the most advanced social systems growing
through technology. We are only now beginning to
understand how such typically collective values come
about in these large social systems. Some communities
still struggle to attain real agency at a high level. Further research is needed to fully comprehend this process and to aid those communities in developing
collective agency through clever implementation choices - those that support openness, transparency, and
collective awareness.

Acknowledgment
This work was supported by funds from Polish National
Science Centre (project no. DEC-2011/02/A/HS6/00231
and DEC-2011/01/N/HS6/02396).

Author Information
The authors are with the Robert Zajonc Institute for
Social Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland. Email:
a.rychwalska@uw.edu.pl.

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SEPTEMBER 2017

∕

ICT has fostered a rise in
collective agency for the most
advanced social systems growing
through technology.

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