IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2017 - 62

What the Future Will Bring
Participatory self-organizing socio-technical systems of
the future will bring together complex social structures
and sophisticated technical infrastructures. Once the
scale of these systems becomes big enough and it
becomes necessary to bridge different levels, organizations emerge naturally. This implies important questions
about governance and complexity. As outlined in this
article, we believe that classical mechanistic, top-down
approaches to these issues and their assumption of
purely rational technical agents will no longer be sufficient. Instead, self-organization within the realms of
agents that behave irrationally to a degree, that can be
motivated by different incentives, and that pursue different goals and agendas will be present. The human
aspect and thus individual and organizational psychology will start to play a bigger role. Change management
theories and other "soft sciences" might be able to provide insights that will help us build these systems, maintain them, and keep them fit for purpose. This article is a
first attempt to bridge these gaps.

Acknowledgment
This work is the result of a discussion initiated at the
Dagstuhl Seminar 15482 "Social Concepts in Self-Organizing Systems." The author would like to thank Jeremy
Pitt for his feedback on the drafts of this paper and the
many engaging discussion about this and other topics.

Author Information
The author is with the Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Chalmers | University of Gothenburg,
Sweden. Email: jan-philipp.steghofer@cse.gu.se.

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