IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2019 - 35

Understanding the Full Range
of Contextual Factors

etc.). MaaS can be implemented on
a spectrum, ranging from independent human or robotic agents interacting with users through market
exchanges, to hybrid ensembles of
hierarchies that lend themselves to
mass transit, to fixed, military-style
hierarchical control systems. Our
opinion is that instead of implementing selfish mobility, there is
a need to realize a collective and
cooperative mobility where each
MaaS provider sees in each single
competitors a pa r tner a nd not
an adversary.

Wiseman in his paper presents a
vision that can be summarized with
the following two sentences: "In the
age of driverless cars, a means of
transportation that takes many people from one central station to
another central station has lost the
justification for its existence," and
"Driverless cars will gradually take
control of the transportation market, and as more and more driverless cars are on the roads, trains
will slowly but surely fade away
from our lives."
In our opinion, these st atements are extrapolated from a few
factors and do not represent the
direction that the mobility domain
has been taking in recent years.
His position is taken without fully
understanding the full range of
contextual factors, and social and
environmental variables.
Coordination for Mobility as a
Service is a mandatory requirement today to maintain a certain
level of city sustainability (i.e.,
lower CO2 emissions, more citizen participation and satisfaction,

OPINION

Author Information
Antonio Bucchiarone is with Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive,
18 38123 Trento - Italy. Email:
bucchiarone@fbk.eu.
Philip Feldmann is with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD. Email: feld1@umbc.edu.

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IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE

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