IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2020 - 47

mons Library, Jan. 8, 2018; https://research
briefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/
Summary/SN05927.
[23] "Amber Rudd's speech on a new direction
for UK energy policy," GOV.UK, Nov. 18, 2015;
https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/
amber-rudds-speech-on-a-new-direction-for-uk
-energy-policy.
[24] "Britain's clean energy system achieves
historic milestone in 2019," National Grid,
Jun. 21, 2019; https://www.nationalgrid.com/
britains-clean-energy-system-achieves-historic
-milestone-2019.
[25] Committee on Climate Change, "Net Zero -
The UK's contribution to stopping global warming," May 2, 2019; https://www.theccc.org.uk/
publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to
-stopping-global -warming/.
[26] "The UK's Industrial Strategy," GOV.UK,
Oct. 21, 2019; https://www.gov.uk/government/
topical-events/the-uks-industrial-strategy.
[27] "Growing the Artificial Intelligence Industry
in the UK," GOV.UK, Oct. 15, 2017; https://www
.gov.uk/government/publications/growing
-the-artificial-intelligence-industry-in-the-uk.
[28] "AI Sector Deal," GOV.UK, May 21, 2019;
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/
artificial-intelligence-sector-deal/ai-sector-deal.
[29] "AI Sector Deal - one year on," GOV.UK,
May 21, 2019; https://www.gov.uk/government/
publications/artificial-intelligence-sector-deal/
ai-secto r-deal-one-year-on.
[30] "The Global AI Index," Tortoise Media,
2019-2020;https://www.tortoisemedia.com/
intelligence/ai/.
[31] McKinsey Global Institute, "Notes from
the Frontier: Tackling Europes' Gap in Digital
and AI," McKinsey&Company; Feb. 2019;
https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/
featured%20insights/artificial%20intelligence/
tackling%20europes%20gap%20in%20digi
tal%20and%20ai/mgi-tackling-europes-gap
-in-digital-and-ai-feb-2019-vf.ashx.
[32] "Global AI Talent Report 2019," jfgagne,
2019; https://jfgagne.ai/talent-2019/.
[33] "UK Artificial Intelligence Investment Reaches Record Levels," Crunchbase, Sept. 10, 2019;
https://about.crunchbase.com/blog/uk-artificial
-intelligence-investment-reaches-record-levels/.
[34] "The economic impact of artificial intelligence on the UK economy," PwC, June 2017;
https://www.pwc.co.uk/economic-services/
assets/ai-uk-report-v2.pdf.
[35] J. Tennison, "The value of data," Open Data
Institute, Feb. 26, 2020; https://theodi.org/
article/the-value-of-data/.
[36] Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation Blog,
"Trustworthy data-sharing," GOV.UK, Feb. 13,
2020; https://cdei.blog.gov.uk/2020/02/13/
trustworthy-data-sharing/.
[37] J. Hardinges, "What is a data trust?," Open
Data Institute, July 10, 2018; https://theodi
.org/article/what-is-a-data-trust/.
[38] "Next generation of artificial intelligence
talent to be trained at UK universities," GOV.
UK (press rel.), Feb. 21, 2019; https://www.gov
.uk/government/news/next-generation-of
-artificial-intelligence-talent-to-be-trained-at
-uk-universities.

.uk/gover nment/st a tistics/dcms-sectors
-economic-estimates-2018-gva.
[7] "Solving Rubik's Cube with a robot hand,"
OpenAI, Oct. 15, 2019; https://openai.com/
blog/solving-rubiks-cube/.
[8] J. Vincent, "Bitcoin consumes more energy
than Switzerland, according to new estimate,"
The Verge, Jul. 4, 2019; https://www.theverge
.com/2019/7/4/20682109/bitcoin-energy
-consumption-annual-ca lculation-cambridge
-index-cbeci-country-comparison.
[9] "AI and compute," OpenAI, May 16, 2018;
https://openai.com/blog/ai-and-compute/
#modern.
[10] Wikipedia, "Moore's law," May 15, 2020; https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law.
[11] R. Schwartz, J. Dodge, N. Smith, and O. Etzioni, 2019, "Green AI," arxiv.org, 2019; https://
arxiv.org/pdf/1907.10597.pdf.
[12] "PM launches UN Climate Summit in the
U.K.," GOV.UK (press rel), Feb. 4, 2020; https://
www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-launches
-un-climate-summit-in-the-uk.
[13] "A warming world - The climate issue,"
Economist, Sept. 19, 2019; https://www
.economist.com/leaders/2019/09/19/the
-climate-issue.
[14] "U.K. becomes first major economy to pass
net zero emissions law," GOV.UK, June 27,
2019; https://www.gov.uk/government/news/
uk-becomes-first-major-economy-to-pass-net
-zero-emissions-law.
[15] "Clean Growth Strategy," gov.uk (Policy pap.),
Apr. 16, 2018; https://www.gov.uk/government/
publications/clean-growth-strategy/clean-growth
-strategy-executive-summary.
[16] UK Parliament, "Clean Growth: Technologies for meeting the UK's emissions reduction targets," Aug. 22, 2019; https://publica
tions.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/
cmsctech/1454/145403.htm.
[17] "Contracts for Difference," gov.uk, Mar.
2, 2020;https://www.gov.uk/government/
publications/contracts-for-difference/contract
-for-difference.
[18] UK Renewables July to September 2019,
BEIS, 2019; https://assets.publishing.service
.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/
attachment_data/file/853598/Renewables
_Q3_2019.pdf.
[19] "Britain hits historic clean energy milestone as zero carbon electricity outstrips fossil
fuels in 2019," National Grid, Jan. 1, 2020;
https://www.nationalgrid.com/britain-hits-historic
-clean-energy-milestone-zero-carbon-electricity
-outstrips-fossil-fuels-2019.
[20] The Queen's Speech 2019, gov.uk, Dec.
19, 2019; https://assets.publishing.service
.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/
a tt achment_da t a/f ile/853886/Queen_s
_Speech_December_2019_-_background_briefing
_notes.pdf.
[21] S. Evans, "Record-low price for UK offshore
wind cheaper than existing gas plants by 2023,"
Carbon Brief, Sept. 20, 2019; https://www
.carbonbrief.org/analysis-record-low-uk-offshore
-wind-cheaper-than-existing-gas-plants-by-2023.
[22] U.K. Parliament, "Carbon Price Floor (CPF) and
the price support mechanism," House of Com-

JUNE 2020

∕

IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE

[39] UK Research and Innovation, "UKRI CDTs in
Artificial Intelligence," UKRI; https://www.ukri
.org/research/themes-and-programmes/ukri-cdts
-in-artificial-intelligence/, accessed May 10,
2020.
[40] "Low Carbon Economy Index 2016," PwC,
Nov. 1, 2016; http://www.pwc.co.uk/services/
sustainability-climate-change/insights/low
-carbonecon omy-index.html.
[41] D. Rolnick et al., "Tackling climate change
with Machine Learning," arxiv.org, Nov. 5,
2019; https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.05433.pdf.
[42] "How AI can Enable a Sustainable Future,"
PwC; https://www.pwc.co.uk/sustainability
-climate-change/assets/pdf/how-ai-can-enable
-a-sustainable-future.pdf, accessed May 10, 2020.
[43] "Top Ten Urban Innovations," World
Economic Forum, Oct. 2015; http://www3
.weforum.org/docs/Top_10_Emerging_Urban_
Innovations_report_2010_20.10.pdf.
[44] "Nowcasting solar electricity generation with
AI," Engerati, 2020; https://www.engerati.com/
artificial-intelligence/nowcasting-solar-electricity
-generation-with-ai/.
[45] "Government investing over £3 billion
in low carbon innovation," techUK, Oct. 15,
2019; https://www.techuk.org/insights/news/
item/16226-government-investing-over-3-billion
-in-low-carbon-innovation.
[46] "Energy Entrepreneurs Fund," GOV.UK,
Jan. 24, 2014;https://www.gov.uk/government/
collections/energy-entrepeneurs-fund.
[47] "Energy Innovation Needs Assessments,"
GOV.UK, Nov. 8, 2019; https://www.gov.uk/
government/publications/energy-innovation
-needs-assessments.
[48] "Powering the UK's low-carbon future," Confederation of British Industry, 2020; https://
www.cbi.org.uk/our-campaigns/powering-the-uk
-s-low-carbon-future/.
[49] "Energy industry encouraged to fill 400k
jobs to reach net zero goal," Engineering and
Technology, Jan. 28, 2020; https://eandt.theiet
.org/content/articles/2020/01/energy-industry
-encouraged-to-fill-400k-jobs-to-reach-net-zero
-goal/.
[50] "Up to £1.2billion for weather and climate
supercomputer," Met Office, Feb. 17, 2020;
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/pressoffice/news/corporate/2020/supercomputer
-funding-2020.
[51] "British scientists to help tackle climate
change through new £1 billion fund," GOV.UK,
Feb. 17, 2020; https://www.gov.uk/government/
news/british-scientists-to-help-tackle-climate
-change- through-new-1-billion-fund.
[52] "Ofgem's Decarbonisation Action Plan,"
Ofgem, Feb. 3, 2020; https://www.ofgem.gov
.uk/publica tions-and-upda tes/ofgem-s
-decarbonisation-action-plan.
[53] "Energy data activities," Modernising
Energy Data, Mar. 26, 2020; https://modernisin
genergydata.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/MED/
pages/6291577/Energy+data+activities.
[54] OECD, OECD Principles on AI; https://
www.oecd.org/going-digital/ai/principles/,
accessed May 10, 2020.


47
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2020
