IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - March 2018 - 84
Table 2. Measures of support for UaVs and end-user trustworthiness.
Subscale
Item
Response Scale
Support for UAV
Use
To what extent do you approve of [Actor] using
[Technology] for the purposes described above?
Strongly Disapprove (1)
to Strongly Approve (7)
To what extent would you support or resist [Actor] use of
[Technology] for the purposes described above?
For example, how willing would you be to vote to allow
such uses or have public funds promote such uses?
Strongly Resist (1) to
Strongly Support (7)
Cronbach's alpha
(internal consistency)
0.93
Below, indicate your opinions about how [Actor] would behave when using [Technology] for the purposes described above.
Trustworthiness
Only use the [Technology] to benefit the public at large
Never (1) to Always (6)
0.87
Never (1) to Always (6)
0.85
Never (1) to Always (6)
0.70
Be honest with the public about anything they find or
do using the [Technology]
Be transparent (open) about how, when, and why they
are using the [Technology]
Use the [Technology] to achieve values important to you
Distrustworthiness
Use the [Technology] for their own selfish benefit
Be dishonest about anything they find or do using the
[Technology]
Hide information about how, when and why they are
using the [Technology]
Use [Technology] to support values that you disagree with
Competence
Be competent in their use of [Technology]
Be incompetent in their use of [Technology] (reversed)
disagree (1) to strongly agree (7). Political ideological
identity was assessed as the average across three items
asking participants to rate the extent to which they were
strongly liberal (1) to strongly conservative (7) on economic issues, social issues, and overall (Cronbach's
alpha = 0.91).
2014
Social
Economic
Overall
54.8
38.4
18.9
22.9
44.8
26.3
38.7
27.4
27.5
2015
Social
Economic
60.1
43.6
Overall
Liberal (1-3)
15
16.4
48.8
24.3
Centrist (4)
24.9
40.2
26.9
Conservative (5-7)
Figure 2. Illustration of distribution of sample responses
(numbers indicate percent of sample) to survey questions
concerning self-reported ideology.
84
Participants
A total of 576 participants were recruited in late 2014 and
301 in late 2015 via MTurk. All participants were American citizens and were paid 25 cents (0.25 USD) in 2014 or
50 cents (0.5 USD) in 2015. As is common with MTurk,
both samples, on average, self-reported they were somewhat more liberal than conservative (see Figure 2). In
2014, there were slightly more men than women (299 versus 277) and slightly more women than men in 2015 (167
versus 134). The samples were of a similar age distribution with 2014 having a mean age of 36.2 years (SD: 12.8)
and 2015 having a mean age of 36.6 years (SD: 12.3).
Results
The data were analyzed using the Statistical Program for
Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics 23). To answer our
research questions and test our hypotheses, we conducted correlation and multiple regression analyses.
Correlation analyses allow us to examine the strength
of the relationship between any two variables. As shown
in Table 3, among the experimentally varied factors, the
highest correlations and thus the strongest relationships
with support involved UAV purpose. The negative correlation between support and security purposes, and positive correlation between support and environmental
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