IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - March 2023 - 51

Table 2. Opportunities and risks of emerging ASs in military, road logistics, and healthcare [46], [47], [48].
ethical considerations for ASs. The features of automated
systems versus ASs are highlighted. Additionally,
the advantages and disadvantages of these two
types of systems are outlined. The opportunities and
risks of ASs are summarized.
RegaRding studies that have been done, not
much effort has been made to use image-processing
methods and deep neural networks (DNNs) in the
design of ASs. In this regard, one technical suggestion
about the next generation of ASs is using different
image-processing methods to control various ASs
utilizing cameras and DNNs, especially the convolutional
neural network (CNN). Moreover, various ASs
can be designed to sense the feelings of the people
around them using image-processing methods. Utilizing
this feature, each AS can identify the enemy from
the rest by recognizing the presence and absence of
March 2023
fear, stress, or anxiety in individuals and performing
appropriate actions in different situations.

Acknowledgments
The work of Rastko R. Selmic and Khashayar Khorasani
was supported by the Department of National
Defence (DND) under the Mobilizing Insights in
Defence and Security (MINDS) Program. The statements
made herein are solely the responsibility of
the authors.
 References
[1] M. Pachter and P. R. Chandler, " Challenges of
autonomous control, " IEEE Control Syst., vol. 18, no. 4,
pp. 92-97, Aug. 1998.
[2] H. Xinhan and W. Min, " Multi-sensor data fusion
structures in autonomous systems: A review, " in Proc.
IEEE Int. Symp. Intell. Control, Oct. 2003, pp. 817-821.
51

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