IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2023 - 29

Figure 2. Strategies for dealing with value change in design. (Credit: Ilse Oosterlaken.)
to the full life cycle of new technologies; and 3)
applying specific design strategies that make it easier
to deal with future value change (see Figure 2).
Anticipating value change
Anticipation of potential future developments is
one approach to dealing with value change. Anticipating
value change will often require considerable
time as well as specialized expertise. Anticipating
value change usually requires considering the larger
sociotechnical system, as well as engaging with relevant
stakeholders to gauge their moral values. Of
course, there are also less time-intensive forms of
anticipating value change that also require less specialized
expertise. For instance, one could consult
works of science fiction that often speculate about
how technologies could lead to changes in values.
One approach that can be used for anticipating
value change is the creation of techno-ethical scenarios
that describe the co-evolution of technology
and morality [2], [25]. Creating such scenarios
involves three steps, namely: 1) sketching the existing
moral landscape; 2) anticipating new moral controversies
that a novel technology may give rise to;
and 3) anticipating possible closure of these controversies
that might result in value change.
Multiple simulation tools that can be used to
anticipate value change exist within the literature
September 2023
on social simulation and scenario analysis. Which
simulation tool is most adequate depends on the
simulation purpose [9] and on the extent to which
the system modeled can be described quantitatively
[34]. De Wildt and Schweizer [8] use cross-impact
balances to identify scenarios of value change for
digital voice assistants, and gene drive organisms.
Case studies is another method through which we
can anticipate value change. For instance, in their
paper on technology and moral change, Danaher
and Sætra [5] use a case study method to investigate
the mechanisms of technology-mediated value
change. They show how technology changes our
perception of the values of truth and trust through
mechanisms like alteration of the cost-benefit balance
of accessing these values.
Experimentation and monitoring
While better anticipation of value change is useful,
not all value change can be foreseen or anticipated.
Often, value change will be the consequence of new
information, for example, about unintended consequences
or of new experiences that people gather
when using new technology. Such new information
or new experiences may only become available after
the introduction of new technology into society.
However, the large-scale introduction of new
technology may be risky and hard to reverse.
29

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2023

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