IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2023 - 57
A Review of Techniques
and Policies on
Cybersecurity Using
Artificial Intelligence and
Reinforcement Learning
Algorithms
Neshat Elhami Fard,
Rastko R. Selmic , and
Khashayar Khorasani
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Concordia University
Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
CyberseCurity is a critical process that safeguards
networks, systems, and applications against
cyber-attacks, wherein digital information is targeted
for unauthorized access, manipulation, or destruction.
As attackers continually evolve their tactics,
addressing cybersecurity challenges has become
paramount, especially in sensitive domains like the
military and defense industries. This article delves
into the challenges that artificial intelligence (AI)
faces in the military domain, specifically focusing on
defense applications. We review AI algorithms relevant
to defense, examining their potential applications
and benefits: much of this study revolves around
cybersecurity in defense applications, particularly
within cyber-physical systems (CPS). We explore
reinforcement learning (RL) and deep RL (DRL)
algorithms in CPS, aiming to enhance understanding
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MTS.2023.3306540
Date of current version: 21 September 2023.
of the cybersecurity implications in this domain.
In this context, we present RL and DRL algorithms
employed in cyber-attacks and their potential threats
and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we discuss how RL
and DRL algorithms can be effectively leveraged for
cyber-attack detection and defense applications,
providing usable insights into bolstering CPS cybersecurity.
By addressing both technical aspects and
ethical considerations, this article offers a comprehensive
view of the challenges and opportunities
surrounding cybersecurity in defense applications.
Background
Learning methods
AI is man-made machine intelligence that imitates
human behavior but lacks consciousness and emotions
[1], [2]. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of
AI that uses statistical techniques to improve device
performance by learning patterns from large datasets
September 2023
0278-0097/23©2023 IEEE
57
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IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2023
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