IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2023 - 85

The findings
of
this study provide valuable
insights into the ethical considerations surrounding
the development and deployment of AI in healthcare.
The three key themes that emerged from our
analysis- " Information on Design of AI, " " Inclusiveness
and Equity, " and " Insufficiency in current discussion
in other aspects such as sustainability and
energy efficiency " -highlight the need for a more
comprehensive approach to AI ethics in healthcare.
Of particular significance is the theme of " Information
on Design of AI, " which emphasizes the
critical role of designers, developers, and administrators
in ensuring that ethical considerations are
incorporated into the development process of AI
systems in healthcare. This theme highlights a novel
and relevant perspective on the ethical implications
of AI in healthcare and underscores the importance
of including a diverse range of stakeholders in the
development and deployment of AI systems.
AI technologies have been rapidly integrated into
many forms of medical practices, and many regulatory
frameworks have been proposed to ensure
the safe implementation of AI applications. However,
challenges remain as to how such regulations
should be standardized and further developed to
meet universally agreed requirements of AI safety in
healthcare. One of the urgencies of maintaining safe
integration of AI healthcare applications is for AI-targeted
user groups to receive proper training and educational
information about AI technologies. Priorities
of educational information that should be included
in AI training are outlined by white papers for medical
specialists, including terminology, statistics, and
ethics of AI applications. Many U.K. universities have
developed educational curricula related to AI applications
for healthcare to meet the demands of the
medical specialist community to be equipped with
the necessary skills and knowledge for the future of
AI-enabled healthcare [32]. Integrating AI training
into postsecondary education might serve as an
effective measure of preparing the health workforce
to meet the safety standards of AI implementation
and should be promoted on a global scale. On the
other hand, surveys revealed that the knowledge and
preparedness of medical practitioners currently in
the field of AI technologies remained generally low
[33]. Training and educational programs for AI need
to be established as a supplement to the postsecondary
component as the current healthcare workforce
also demands educational information to overcome
September 2023
the weakness of limited AI knowledge. Meanwhile, it
is critical for any types of educational programs to be
kept updated and served to their target groups regularly.
Maintaining the transparency and explainability
of AI technologies is the primary goal of promoting
educational curricula and is also among the fundamental
principles of ethics of AI in healthcare.
The theme of " Inclusiveness and Equity " emphasizes
the need for AI in healthcare to be accessible
to
all,
regardless of
their background or
socioeconomic status. Inclusiveness and equity
of AI applications in healthcare should also be
taken as a priority when proposing future regulatory
frameworks in the field. While AI is known to
be susceptible to biases in algorithm design and
data sampling, such biases will only be amplified
and exacerbated in any future public health emergency
as has already been seen during the COVID19
pandemic. The unintended biases embedded
in the design of AI should be carefully considered
when generating regulations on the design and
implementation of AI applications in healthcare.
Inequalities and injustices brought in by labeling
discrimination would also make an impact on decisions
generated by AI algorithms, thus highlighting
the importance of human oversights over any AI-integrated
decision-making process and underscoring
the relevance of AI ethics in broader societal
debates around equity and fairness.
The third theme highlights the novelty and relevance
of the study by identifying areas that require
further attention and research, such as sustainability
and energy efficiency, and by pointing to the need
for ongoing engagement with stakeholders to ensure
that ethical considerations are fully addressed.
While The six fundamental principles serve as the
basic requirements of AI applications in healthcare
in terms of protecting data safety and respecting
human rights, specific challenges are imposed for
the real-world implementation of regulatory frameworks.
This study intends to provide insights into the
current ongoing discussion of ethical principles of AI
technologies. However, how successfully applying
these concepts into minimizing the risks of AI technologies
would cost top-down efforts engaging various
aspects of healthcare fields. More work remains
to be done by regulators and administrative bodies
to articulate region-specific solutions derived from
discussions on a global scale.
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85
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2023

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