IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 80
to dehumanization, because people
are turned into numbers as technology and humans blend [3]. While
our respondents may agree that
technology is turning people into
numbers, they say that rFID tags
are not the only technologies to do
this, and are certainly not the first.
They also don't consider implanted
identification tags to differ significantly from external devices with
similar functions.
For those who see the rFID
as an upgrade to their body, the
implant makes them feel special.
The rFID implantees in our study
perceive the blending of technology
with the human body as expanding
the range of human capacity, rather
than diminishing humanity, as the
critics would have it. The research
illustrates that a simple rFID
implant is not solely about adding
convenience to one's life, but also
about upgrading the self. From this
we might garner insight in to the
significance that may be acquired
by future human enhancement.
While the functionality of an
enhancement is obviously important, enhancement technologies can
also be appreciated for the mere
fact of being an enhancement. The
debate around human enhancement technology should not only
be about what the technology can
do, but also what the enhancement
means to the individual.
This work has shown that the
different outcomes of the domestication of a technology - normalization vs. enhancement - are
essential in explaining the meaning
of implants for its users. Technology, in that sense, is no different
from any other "text." It acquires
meaning through its usage and
interpretation, both of which are
situated in particular individual and
cultural circumstances.
Author Information
Sandra Wagemakers is with Tilburg university, Tilburg, The
Netherlands.
80
|
Liesbet van Zoonen is with
Erasmus university rotterdam and
Loughborough university, Leicestershire, u.K.
Georgina Turner is with the university of Liverpool, Liverpool, u.K.
References
[1] r. Sparrow, "Defending Deaf Culture: The
case of cochlear implants*," J. Political Philosophy, vol. 13, pp. 135 -152, 2005.
[2] K.r. Foster and J. Jaeger, "Ethical implications of implantable radio frequency Identification (rFID) tags in humans," Amer. J.
Bioethics, vol. 8, pp. 44 - 48, 2008.
[3] M. Gadzheva, "Getting chipped: To ban or
not to ban," Information & Communications
Technology Law, vol. 16, pp. 217-231, 2007.
[4] P.J. Trocchia and T.L. Ainscough, "Characterizing consumer concerns about identification technology," Int. J. Retail & Distribution
Management, vol. 34, pp. 609 - 620, 2006.
[5] D.J. Glasser, K.W. Goodman, and N.G.
Einspruch, "Chips, tags and scanners: Ethical
challenges for radio frequency identification,"
Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 9,
pp. 101-109, 2007.
[6] K. Michael, A. McNamee, and M.G.
Michael, "The emerging ethics of humancentric
GPS tracking and monitoring," in Proc. ICMB
'06, Int. Conf. on Mobile Business, 2006, p. 34.
[7] C. Perakslis and r. Wolk, "Social acceptance of rFID as a biometric security method,"
IEEE Technology & Society Mag., vol. 25,
pp. 34-42, 2006.
[8] K. Michael and M.G. Michael, "The diffusion of rFID implants for access control
and epayments: A case study on Baja Beach
Club in Barcelona," in Proc. 2010 IEEE Int.
Symp. Technology and Society (ISTAS), 2010,
pp. 242-252.
[9] A. D. Smith, "Evolution and acceptability of medical applications of rFID implants
among early users of technology," Health
Marketing Quart., vol. 24, pp. 121-155, 2007.
[10] A. Niemeijer and C. Hertogh, "Implantable tags: Don't close the door for Aunt Millie!,"
Amer. J. Bioethics, vol. 8, pp. 50-52, 2008.
[11] C. Perakslis and K. Michael, "Indian
Millennials: Are microchip implants a more
secure technology for identification and access control?," in Proc. 2012 IEEE Int. Symp.
Technology and Society (Singapore), 2012.
[12] A. Graafstra, K. Michael, and M.G. Michael,
"Social-technical issues facing the humancentric rFID implantee sub-culture through the
eyes of Amal Graafstra," in Proc. IEEE Int.
Symp. Technology and Society (ISTAS), 2010,
pp. 498-516.
[13] r. Punch and M. Hyde, "Social participation of children and adolescents with cochlear
implants: A qualitative analysis of parent, teacher,
and child interviews," J. Deaf Studies and Deaf
Education, vol. 16, pp. 474-493, 2011.
[14] S.C.P.M. Theunissen, C. rieffe, M.
Kouwenberg, L. De raeve, W. Soede, J. J.
Briaire, et al., "Anxiety in children with hearing aids or cochlear implants compared to normally hearing controls," The Laryngoscope,
vol. 122, pp. 654 - 659, 2012.
[15] A. Wheeler, S. Archbold, S. Gregory, and
A. Skipp, "Cochlear implants: The young people's perspective," J. Deaf Studies and Deaf
Education, vol. 12, pp. 303 -316, 2007.
[16] r. Williams and D. Edge, "The social
shaping of technology," Research Policy,
vol. 25, pp. 865 -899, 1996.
[17] T. Berker, M. Hartmann, Y. Punie, and
K.J. Ward, Domestication of Media and
Technology. Maidenhead, Berkshire, u.K.:
McGraw-Hill Education, 2006.
[18] r. Silverstone, E. Hirsch, and D. Morley,
"Information and communication technology
and the moral economy of the household," in
Consuming Technologies: Media and Information in Domestic Spaces, r. Silverstone
and E. Hirsch, Eds. London and New York:
routledge, 1992, pp. 15 -31.
[19] K.H. Sørensen, "Domestication: The enactment of technology," in Domestication of
Media and Technology, T. Berker, M. Hartmann, Y. Punie, and K.J. Ward, Eds. Maidenhead, u.K.: McGraw-Hill Education, 2006,
pp. 40-61.
[20] L. Haddon, "Domestication analysis, objects
of study, and the centrality of technologies in
everyday life," Canadian J. Communication,
vol. 36, pp. 311-323, 2011.
[21] L. Haddon, "The contribution of domestication research to in-home computing and
media consumption," Information Society,
vol. 22, pp. 195 -203, 2006.
[22] D. Hynes and E. rommes, "'Fitting
the Internet into our lives': IT courses for
disadvantaged users," in Domestication of
Media and Technology, T. Berker, M. Hartmann, Y. Punie, and K. J. Ward, Eds.Maidenhead, u.K.: McGraw-Hill Education, 2006,
pp. 125-144.
[23] F. Pichault, D. Durieux, and r. Silverstone, "The Information Society in Europe:
Methods and methodologies," in Media, Technology And Everyday Life In Europe: From
Information To Communication, r. Silverstone, Ed. Aldershot, u.K.: Ashgate, 2005,
pp. 181-193.
[24] K. Throsby and S. Hodges, "Introduction: Situating technology," Women's Studies
Quart., vol. 37, pp. 11-18, 2009.
[25] P. Hanna, "using Internet technologies (such as Skype) as a research medium:
A research note," Qualitative Res., vol. 12,
pp. 239 -242, 2012.
[26] C. Hine, "The Internet and research
methods," in Researching Social Life, vol.
3, N. Gilbert, Ed. London, u.K.: Sage, 2008,
pp. 304-320.
[27] N. James and H. Busher, Online Interviewing. London, u.K.: Sage, 2009.
[28] M. Schuijff and G. Munnichs, "Goed,
beter, betwist. Publieksonderzoek naar mensverbetering," rathenau Instituut, The Hague
9789077364451, 2012.
IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE
|
SuMMEr 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 4
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 5
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 6
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 7
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 8
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 9
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 10
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 11
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 12
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 13
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 14
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 15
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 16
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 17
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 18
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 19
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 20
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 21
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 22
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 23
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 24
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 25
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 26
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 27
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 28
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 29
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 30
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 31
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 32
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 33
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 34
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 35
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 36
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 37
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 38
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 39
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 40
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 41
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 42
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 43
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 44
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 45
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 46
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 47
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 48
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 49
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 50
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 51
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 52
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 53
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 54
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 55
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 56
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 57
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 58
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 59
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 60
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 61
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 62
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 63
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 64
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 65
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 66
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 67
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 68
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 69
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 70
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 71
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 72
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 73
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 74
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 75
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 76
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 77
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 78
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 79
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - 80
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2014 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com