IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2017 - 40

a new discipline which in 2003 was
referred to as medical bionics. This
discipline requires cross-fertilization
from nanotechnology, electronics,
trophic factors, stem cells, and bio-
materials to achieve the best out-
comes. Such a center for medical
bionics could lead to 1) bionic spinal
cords, as we know from recovered
spinal cords there are viable cells
below the injury waiting to be stimu-
lated; 2) bionic eyes, as stimulating
the retina or visual cortex could lead
to enough points of light for visual
acuity; 3) control over seizures, as
with deep brain electrodes there is
enough time to record an abnormal
rhythm before reversing its effects
to control epileptic seizures; and
4) drug delivery, as nanostructured
interfaces for drug delivery are prov-
ing to be exciting possibilities for
medical therapy.
Finally, I would like to congratulate
Prof. Iven Mareels, and all associated
with this very successful symposium,
which should realize the vision of Nor-
bert Wiener. I hope you will take away
the pressing need to do convergent
research to make next generation
advances for the welfare of mankind.
This field is truly one where exciting
innovations will occur.

Figure 4. This is a photo of the first two young children in the world to have the
multi-channel implant in 1985 (Bryn Davey) and 1986 (Scott Smith). The exciting finding
was that in spite of little exposure to sound to establish brain neural connectivity
the coding situation for adults was effective for children. When approved by the U.S.
Food & Drug Administration, this implant was established as the first major advance in
250 years to help profoundly deaf children communicate.

Author Information
Graeme Clark is Laureate Professor
Emeritus, University of Melbourne;
Otolaryngologist Emeritus of the
Eye  & Ear Hospital, Melbourne;
Founder and Director Emeritus of
The Bionic Ear Institute; and Honor-
ary Professor, Electrical Engineering
University of Melbourne, Australia.
Email: gclark@unimelb.edu.au.

Figure 5. Marie and Paul Trainor (Owner and founder of Cochlear) with Margaret and
Graeme Clark. Our industrial partner Cochlear played a fundamental role in its industrial
development.

40

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine

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JUNE 2017



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