IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Winter 2014 - 72

conversations and dangerous driving," Accident
Analysis and Prevention, vol. 43, pp. 187-193, 2011.
[7] R. Elvik, "Effects of mobile phone use on
accident risk: Problems of meta-analysis when
studies are few and bad", Transportation Research Record, vol. 2236, pp. 20-26, 2011.
[8] L. Kalb, "Hold that call! Some companies, afraid of lawsuits, are prohibiting workers from using cell phones while driving on
company business," Sacramento Bee, July 19,
2004.
[9] S.G. Klauer, T.A. Dingus, V.L. Neale, J.D.
Sudweeks, and D.J. Ramsey, "The impact of driver inattention on near-crash/crash risk: An analysis using the 100-car naturalistic driving study
data," NHTSA, April 2006; http://www.nhtsa.
gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/
Crash%20Avoidance/2006/DriverInattention.
pdf.
[10] S.G. Klauer, F. Guo, B.G. Simons-Morton, M.C. Ouimet, S.E. Lee, and T.A. Dingus,
"Distracted driving and risk of road crashes
among novice and experienced drivers," New
England J. Medicine, vol. 370, pp. 54-59,
2014.
[11] Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants, No.
D-202-CV 9302419, 1995 WL 360309, N.M.
Dist. Ct., 1994.
[12] A.T. McCartt, L.A. Hellinga, and K.A.
Braitman, "Cell phones and driving: Review
of research," Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 7,
pp. 89-106, 2006.
[13] S.P. McEvoy, M.R. Stevenson, A.T. McCartt, M. Woodward, C. Haworth, P. Palamara,

and R. Cercarelli, "Role of mobile phones in
motor vehicle crashes resulting in hospital attendance: A case-crossover study," British
Medical J., vol. 331, pp. 428-430, 2005.
[14] National Conference of State Legislatures, "Cellular phone use and texting while
driving laws," June 30, 2014; http://www.ncsl.
org/research/transportation/cellular-phone-useand-texting-while-driving-laws.aspx.
[15] NHTSA, "Driver distraction: A review of
the current state-of-knowledge," April, 2008;
http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/
Multimedia/PDFs/Crash%20Avoidance/2008/
810787.pdf.
[16] NHTSA, "Traffic safety facts: Research
note," April, 2013; http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.
gov/Pubs/811719.pdf.
[17] NTSB, "No call, no text, no update behind
the wheel: NTSB calls for nationwide ban on
PEDs while driving," Dec. 13, 2011; http://
www.ntsb.gov/news/2011/111213.html.
[18] National Safety Council, Cell Phone
Policy Kit. April 2012; http://www.nsc.org/
safety_road/Distracted_Driving/Pages/
EmployerPolicies.aspx.
[19] D. Pogue, "Your phone is locked. Just
drive," The New York Times, April 28, 2010;
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/technology/
personaltech/29pogue.html?_r=1.
[20] Professional Safety, "Cell phone use while
driving and employer liability," Professional
Safety, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 18-19, 2011.
[21] Professional Safety, "New approaches to
end texting while driving," Professional Safety, vol. 5586, no. 9, p. 16, 2013.

[22] M. Pyke, "Employers who ban cell
phones while driving find productivity doesn't
suffer," Daily Herald, Dec. 27, 2011.
[23] D.A. Redelmeier and R.J. Tibshirani,
"Association between cellular-telephone
calls and motor vehicle collisions," New England J. Medicine, vol. 336, no. 7, pp. 453-
458, 1997.
[24] Reyes v. Hornbeck Offshore Services,
L.L.C., 383 Fed. Appx. 442; U.S. App., 2010.
[25] R. Rosenberger, "An argument against
'no-look texting' while driving," IEEE Technology and Society Mag., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 53-
59, 2013.
[26] R. Rosenberger, "Google Glass and highway safety-Messy choices," IEEE Technology
and Society Mag., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 23-25, 2014.
[27] Speedway SuperAmerica, L.L.C. v. Erwin, 250 S.W.3d 339., 2008.
[28] W. Stallings and L. Brown, Computer Security: Principles and Practice. Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2015.
[29] D.L. Strayer, J.M. Cooper., J. Turrill, J. Coleman, N. Medeiros-Ward, and F. Biondi, "Measuring cognitive distraction in the automobile," 2013;
https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/
files/MeasuringCognitiveDistractions.pdf.
[30] S. Terlep, "U.S. won't back ban on phones
for drivers," Wall Street J., Dec. 22, 2011;
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405
2970204464404577112803206637964.html.
[31] R.A. Young, "Cell phone use and crash
risk: Evidence for positive bias," Epidemiology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 116-118, 2011.

Ethical Crutch (continued from page 47)
Author Information
Jathan Sadowski is a Ph.D. student in
the Consortium for Science, Policy &
Outcomes at Arizona State University.

References
[1] M. Bullock and S. Panicker, "Ethics for all:
Differences across scientific society codes,"
Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 9, no. 2,
pp. 159-170, Apr. 2003.
[2] B. Brecher, "The politics of professional
ethics," J. Clinical Evaluation in Practice,
vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 351-355, Apr. 2010.
[3] E.A. Cech, "Culture of disengagement in engineering education?" Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 42-72, Jan. 2014.
[4] M. Davis, "Professional responsibility:
Just following the rules?" Business and Professional Ethics J., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65-87,
Spr. 1999.
[5] M. Davis, "Three myths about codes of engineering ethics," IEEE Technology & Society
Mag., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 8-14, 22, Fall 2001.
[6] J. Fawkes, "Saints and sinners: Competing
identities in public relations ethics," Public Relations Rev., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 865-872, Dec. 2012.
[7] C.E. Harris, "The good engineer: Giving
virtue its due in engineering ethics," Science
72

|

and Engineering Ethics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 153-
164, June 2008.
[8] M. Harris, "Thinking like an engineer: The
place of a code of ethics in the practice of a profession," Philosophy & Public Affairs, vol. 20,
no. 2, pp. 150-167, Spr. 1991.
[9] J.R. Herkert, "Engineering Ethics education
in the U.S.A.: Content, pedagogy and curriculum," European J. Engineering Education, vol.
25, no. 4, pp. 303-313, Fall 2000.
[10] J.R. Herkert, "Future directions in engineering
ethics research: Microethics, macroethics and the
role of professional societies," Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 403-414, July 2001.
[11] L.D. Introna, "The enframing of code: Agency, originality and the plagiarist," Theory, Culture
& Society, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 113-141, Nov. 2011.
[12] K. Jamal and N.E. Bowie, "Theoretical
considerations for a meaningful code of professional ethics," J. of Business Ethics, vol. 14,
no. 9, pp. 703-714, Sept. 1995.
[13] J. Kultgen, Ethics and Professionalism. Philadelphia, PA: Univ. of Philadelphia Press, 1988.
[14] J. Ladd, "The quest for a code of professional ethics: An intellectual and moral confusion," in AAAS Professional Ethics Project:
Professional Ethics Activities in the Scientific
and Engineering Societies, R. Chalk, M.S.
Frankel, and S. B. Chafer, Eds. Washington,
DC: AAAS, 1980, pp. 154-159.

[15] H.C. Luegenbiehl, "Codes of ethics and
the moral education of engineers," Business &
Professional Ethics J., vol. 2 no. 4, pp. 41-61,
Sum. 1983.
[16] C. Mitcham, "Engineering design research
and social responsibility," in Technology and
Values, K. Shrader-Frechette and L. Westra,
Eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield,
1994, pp. 261-278.
[17] J. Sadowski and E. Selinger, "Creating a
taxonomic tool for technocracy and applying
it to Silicon Valley," Technology in Society
vol. 38, pp. 161-168, Aug. 2014.
[18] J. Sadowski et al., "An experiential, gametheoretic pedagogy for sustainability ethics."
Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 19, no. 3,
pp. 1323-1339, Sept. 2013.
[19] J. Sadowski et al., "Intergroup cooperation
in common pool resource dilemmas," Science
and Engineering Ethics, DOI: 10.1007/s11948014-9575-3, to be published.
[20] L. Winner, "Engineering ethics and
political imagination," in Broad and Narrow Interpretations of Philosophy of Technology: Philosophy and Technology, P.
Durbin, Ed. Boston, MA: Kluwer, 1990,
pp. 53-64.
[21] NSPE, "NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers," NSPE.org, 2007; http://www.nspe.org/
Ethics/CodeofEthics/index.html.

IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE

|

WINTER 2014
http://www.ncsl http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/ http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot http://www.nhtsa http://http:// http://www.ntsb.gov/news/2011/111213.html http://www.nsc.org/ https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/technology/ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405 http://www.NSPE.org http://www.nspe.org/
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Winter 2014
