BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - 60
on tree species, loads, response growth, the time frame being considered,
and other factors. The main structural defects and conditions that should be
assessed are discussed here.
Dead or Dying Parts
When a target is present, dead trees are an obvious concern, as are dead or
dying branches and roots. However, some species hold dead branches for
many years, so familiarity with tree species and local climate is important.
Signs and symptoms of dead trunks or branches are a lack of leaf growth;
dead, loose, or missing bark; missing buds; and broken or blunt branch tips.
The larger the size of the dead part and the higher it is above the target, the
greater the concern. Dead or loose bark often can be detected by sounding
the trunk. Dead branches vary in their likelihood of failure from possible to
imminent, depending upon the species, branch weight, the type and extent
of decay, infestation by wood-consuming insects, and the length of time the
branch has been dead.
Dead roots can be much more difficult to identify, but they can cause
significant loss of stability. The decay rate of dead roots is dependent upon
tree and fungal species, climate, soil type, and tree health. Some species'
roots deteriorate very quickly (within one year), while in other species,
dead roots may provide structural support for a decade. If the root decay
profile of a species is known, it should be considered when retaining trees
for wildlife habitat.
Broken or Hanging Branches
Broken branches are branches that have experienced a structural failure.
They may remain partially attached at the point of breakage, or they may
have completely detached and started to fall. Branches that are broken and
lodged in the crown of the tree are called " hangers " or " lodged branches. "
The likelihood that the branch will continue its fall depends upon how it
is being held and if the branch is decaying. The failure likelihood of most
hangers is considered probable or imminent.
Cracks
Cracks are separations in the wood in either a longitudinal (radial, in the
plane of ray cells) or transverse (across the stem) direction. Longitudinal
branch cracks (also called shear plane cracks or neutral plane failures) most
commonly occur when branches are overloaded by freezing rain or snow.
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of BMP - Tree Risk Assessment
Table of Contents
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - Cover1
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - Cover2
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