BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - 62
*
times, however, the seam covers decay or old cracks. Depending upon
the extent of decay, exposure to loads, and weight distribution, failure
at seams may be considered possible to probable.
Ribs are longitudinal bulges of response growth that can indicate
an internal crack or decay. Ribs that contain active cracks should
be evaluated similarly to other cracks. Ribs that cover closed cracks
should be evaluated similarly to seams.
Weakly Attached Branches and Codominant Stems
Certain branch arrangement and attachment configurations are associated
with higher rates of failure, including: codominant branches, included bark,
shape of branch union, adventitious branches, multiple branches originating
at one point, a tree's history of branch failure, and sudden branch drop.
* Nearly equal size stems or branches (codominant). Typically,
strong branch attachments develop when the size of the branch is less
than one-half the diameter of the parent stem. When the diameter of
the branch and parent stem is similar, the attachment may be weaker.
Stem orientation, weight distribution, and branch configuration will
affect stress at the union, making failure more or less likely.
* Included bark. Bark that is embedded between a branch and its
parent stem, or between codominant stems, decreases the strength of
the attachment. The likelihood of failure of branches with included
bark is largely dependent on the stress experienced by the branch
from wind, ice, snow, or other loads. For many species, failure of
codominant stems with included bark may be considered possible to
probable. If there is significant decay in or near the union, the likelihood of failure can be probable or imminent, depending upon loads
and weight distribution. Presence of response wood at the union may
reduce the likelihood of failure. The presence of associated cracks
may indicate an increased likelihood of failure.
* Shape of branch union. The shape of the union provides additional
information about union strength. Stems that divide in a gentle
U-shape tend to be stronger than those with a sharper V-shape.
Likelihood of failure of a codominant stem with a V-shape is often
considered possible to probable. Failure of U-shaped unions is
improbable to possible. In some tropical species [e.g., Pterocarpus
indicus (Angsana)], the presence of adventitious roots at the union
may indicate a crack and should be investigated further.
62
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of BMP - Tree Risk Assessment
Table of Contents
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - Cover1
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - Cover2
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - i
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - ii
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - Table of Contents
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - iv
BMP - Tree Risk Assessment - 1
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