Inspection Frequency and Timing .......................................................49 7. Risk Reporting .........................................................................................50 Limitations of Tree Risk Assessment ..................................................51 Appendix 1: Tree-Related Conflicts That Can Be a Source of Risk ...........52 Appendix 2: Loads on Trees ........................................................................55 Appendix 3: Structural Defects and Conditions That Affect the Likelihood of Failure .............................................................................................59 Appendix 4: Response (Adaptive) Growth ..................................................72 Appendix 5: Description of Selected Types of Advanced Tree Risk Assessments ........................................................................................75 Glossary ......................................................................................................80 Other Sources of Information .....................................................................84 About the Authors ........................................................................................85 iv