BMP - Utility Tree Risk Assessment - 68

Missing or Decayed Wood

Missing wood refers to anything that decreases the cross-sectional area of a
trunk or branch. This can be the result of mechanical injuries, cankers, or
decay. Mechanical injuries can also lead to cankers or decay, which can result
in further weakening.
Wood decay is the long-term process of wood degradation by micro-organisms.
The presence of a large proportion of decayed wood or wood that is missing
may reduce the structural strength of a tree. Decay fungi may reduce wood
strength well in advance of the development of internal voids. However, the
mere presence of decay does not indicate that the tree has been significantly
weakened.
Sometimes it is impossible to see if decay is present within a tree during a
Limited Visual or Basic assessment, but the tree risk assessor can look for
indicators to know when to investigate further. There are two categories of
decay indicators: potential indicators and definite indicators. Potential indicators
point to the possibility that decay is present, whereas definite indicators occur
only when decay is present.
The most common potential indicators of decay, strength loss, or missing
wood are:
* The presence of old wounds or branch stubs that may have allowed
decay fungi to enter the tree
* Response growth patterns, such as swelling, bulges, or ridges on
the trunk or branches, that form as the tree compensates for wood
strength loss
* Cracks or seams
* Sap or liquids oozing through the bark
* Dead or loosely attached bark, or bark with abnormal patterns or
colors
* Sunken areas in the bark
The most common definite indicators of decay or internal voids are:
* Visible cavity openings, nesting holes, and other voids or openings
on the outside of the tree
* Fungal fruiting structures, such as mushrooms, conks, or brackets,
that are attached to the tree
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BMP - Utility Tree Risk Assessment

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BMP - Utility Tree Risk Assessment - Cover1
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