Modern Age - Fall 2015 - 16

MODERN AGE

FALL 2015

statutes unintelligible," he proceeds, "From this, however, were
excepted the ancient statutes, particularly those commented on
by Lord Coke, the language of which is simple, & the meaning of
every word so well settled by decisions, as to make it safest not to
change words where sense was to be retained."26
The Committee-not just Jefferson-wanted to preserve and
restore the oldest levels of the common law, wherever possible,
especially as ascertained by Coke in the preceding century. Jefferson's campaign to abolish primogeniture and entail is often
presented as based on Enlightenment hostility toward aristocracy, despite his clear statement in the letter to Pendleton of
August 13, 1776, that he favored replacing feudalism by the restoration of the ancient Saxon laws.
For Dumas Malone in 1948, "[Jefferson's] purposes may now
be regarded as democratic."27 Malone refers to the letter of
August 13, 1776, in his notes but does not quote it. He returned
to the theme in 1981: "It should not be supposed that he became
a champion of individual freedom and self-government because
of what he read and believed about the Saxons, or that his
democratic faith was dependent on the correctness of this particular view of early English history. He believed that the rights of
man-inherent, universal, and inalienable-were written in the
book of Nature."28 In the Declaration of Independence, however,
property is omitted from the list of mankind's "inalienable rights."
(Compare the parallel passage in Mason's "Virginia Declaration of
Rights.") Property is established by society, and Jefferson's preference for allodial over feudal land tenure is based on "what he
read and believed about the Saxons," not a Lockean theory he
did not mention and implicitly rejected.29
Malone explains Jefferson's work on punishments similarly.
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Modern Age - Fall 2015

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