Modern Age - Fall 2016 - 34

MODERN AGE

FALL 2016

would have to be exposed. Indeed, Stalin's totalitarian regime was
no more "socialist" than its Janus-faced counterpart on the right,
Nazi (Nationalist Socialist) Germany. The Second World War put
a temporary halt to any work on Orwell's part to demythologize
the USSR. But toward the end of the conflict, he became even
more determined to unmask the Soviet system, because Russia's heroic defense against Hitler had further blinded people to
the real nature of communism. In "The Prevention of Literature"
(1946), written just a few months after the British publication of
Animal Farm, Orwell elaborated on his reasons for wanting to
expose communist tyranny. Fifteen years ago, he noted, when
one defended intellectual freedom, one had to do so against the
attacks of conservatives, Catholics, and fascists:
Today one has to defend it against Communists and "fellow-travelers." One ought not to exaggerate the direct influence of the small
English Communist Party, but there can be no question about the
poisonous effect of the Russian mythos on English intellectual life.
Because of it, known facts are suppressed and distorted to such an
extent as to make it doubtful whether a true history of our times
can ever be written.

This attitude dominated Orwell's work in the postwar period. He
continued to attack tyranny and totalitarianism as he had before
the war, only now the most serious threat came from Russia.
Another factor convincing Orwell to expose the Russian Revolution was his intense dislike of Stalinist intellectuals and fellow
travelers in England. Orwell was disgusted with the way "fashionable" leftists-his own inveterate descriptor-swallowed
and belched out communist propaganda. His struggle to get
34

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Modern Age - Fall 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Fall 2016

Contents
Modern Age - Fall 2016 - Cover1
Modern Age - Fall 2016 - Cover2
Modern Age - Fall 2016 - Contents
Modern Age - Fall 2016 - 2
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