Modern Age - Summer 2016 - 122

MODERN AGE

SUMMER 2016

communist regimes took over Angola, Ethiopia, and Nicaragua.
Soviet expansionism climaxed at the end of the decade with an
invasion of Afghanistan.
According to Edwards and Spalding, Ronald Reagan's election
to the presidency in 1980 marked a radical change in American
strategy. Not content with merely managing the Cold War, as
containment and détente did, he intended to fight it. For him, as
for Truman, the Cold War was a moral struggle between Western
freedom and communist tyranny. A famous remark summarized
his intentions: "We win; they lose." The authors explain that his
confidence in victory lay in his analysis of the Soviet Union's fundamental economic weakness and its spiritual hollowness. Its
expanding empire thus rested on a very weak base that could not
withstand a determined challenge from a free, democratic West
with its superior resources and dynamism.
Reagan began by financing anticommunist insurrections
against regimes in Angola, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and-most
important-Afghanistan. In trying to preserve its satellite regime
in Afghanistan, the USSR had gotten bogged down in a quagmire, much as the Americans did in Vietnam. It was taking its toll
in lives and money, and the costs were rising as Reagan increased
American aid to the anticommunist rebels. At the same time, he
sought to drive down the international price of oil, upon which
the Soviets depended for most of their export revenues. He also
launched an arms buildup that included installing missile systems
in Western Europe and proposed building an antiballistic missile
shield, called the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), that would
block the USSR's ability to retaliate against the U.S. in case of
war. Reagan's assumptions about the Soviet system's rottenness
proved correct: such a comprehensive offense was too much for
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Modern Age - Summer 2016

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Contents
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Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Contents
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