Modern Age - Summer 2016 - 17

WE'VE BEEN HERE BEFORE

tablished its Anglican church in 1786 under the urging of George
Mason, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison; Connecticut and
Massachusetts continued their established Calvinist churches
until 1818 and 1833, respectively.
The Constitution in 1787 gingerly avoided the words slave and
slavery. But the Confederation had already that year banned slavery in the Northwest Territory, which would become the states of
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and other northern
states abolished slavery in the two decades after ratification. The
Constitution prohibited Congress from banning the slave trade
until January  1, 1808, but Congress duly and uncontroversially
outlawed the importation of slaves as soon as it was constitutionally permitted to do so. The framers' formula was clear: a federal
government that could protect the nation but otherwise lightly
govern, leaving room for states to pursue their own policies and
for voluntary associations to thrive in thousands of communities.

W

hat would the young republic do about immigration? The
Constitution granted Congress the power to set rules for
naturalization of citizens and to regulate foreign commerce,
but the need to set immigration policy was not an issue in the
quarter century after George Washington's inauguration. The
world war between royal and commercial Britain and revolutionary and Napoleonic France that raged with a single year's pause
from 1793 to 1815 effectively barred migrants from coming to the
new republic. In the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, the Federalistmajority Congress did extend the length of residency required for
citizenship from five to fifteen years, but the Republican-majority
Congress repealed that measure in 1801. The federal government
did not start keeping track of the number of immigrants until
moder nagejour nal .com

17



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Modern Age - Summer 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Summer 2016

Contents
Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Cover1
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Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Contents
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