Modern Age - Summer 2016 - 20

MODERN AGE

SUMMER 2016

P

erhaps coincidentally, 1892 turned out to be an inflection point
in the source of immigrants. For the preceding half century,
they had come mostly from northwestern Europe, from cultures
that were to varying degrees (least so in the case of Irish Catholics)
compatible with the cultures of the northern United States.
Starting in the middle 1890s, as the economy recovered and
large-scale industrial development burgeoned, immigrants came
increasingly from eastern and southern Europe. They were, for
the most part, from ethnic groups that were regarded as secondclass citizens in multiethnic polities-southern Italians from an
Italy run by culturally very different northern Italians; Jews and
Poles and Lithuanians from Russia's czarist empire; Czechs, Slovaks, Croatians, Serbs, Romanians, and Galician Poles and Jews
from the Hapsburg empire of Austria-Hungary. These people
were looking for economic opportunity, just as the industrialists investing huge amounts of capital in factories were looking
for low- and middle-skill workers. The Ellis Island immigration
peaked in 1907, when 1,285,000 immigrants arrived in a nation
of 87 million, and subsided after the financial panic in October
of that year. But economic conditions were not all that mattered.
These immigrants were also looking for an escape from ethnic subservience to full-fledged citizenship in a land of at least
reputed civic equality.
This yearning helped to explain the success of the assimilation
program of American elites alarmed by, or reacting to widespread
alarm at, the prospect that these newcomers from very different
and seemingly undemocratic societies would introduce an alien
and hostile element into American society. President Theodore
Roosevelt, who had become acquainted with the immigrant
masses as a candidate for mayor and a police commissioner in

20

moder nagejour nal .com



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Modern Age - Summer 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Summer 2016

Contents
Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Cover1
Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Cover2
Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Contents
Modern Age - Summer 2016 - 2
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Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Cover3
Modern Age - Summer 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2018winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2015fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2014fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2014summer
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com