MODERN AGE WINTER 2016 mysterious figure of Christ into the understanding of the Godhead," and the powerful and unprecedented new moral code emerging from the Gospels as essentially important to understanding what secularization means to the twenty-first century. One cannot read The Problem with Multiculturalism and still accept the notion that secularity simply emerged in modernity as the luminous work of human reason, freed from the superstitions and absurdities of its religious past. It is a text that must not be overlooked by scholars of the left or the right who grapple with the meaning of modern secularity. C ultural Renewal: Restoring the Liberal and Fine Arts by Arthur Pontynen is a different sort of book. While Headley's volume is slim and stylistically accessible, Pontynen's text is lengthy (close to three hundred pages) and written in the dense language of critical and cultural theory. Those not immediately familiar with technical terms in Western philosophy and the theoretical language of the humanities and social sciences will find the book hard going. Though not an easy read, the book is particularly valuable. As with the Headley text, the title of Pontynen's book is not immediately the clearest indicator of its significance. Cultural Renewal: Restoring the Liberal and Fine Arts isn't at all a "how to" manual for the road to cultural restoration, at least not in the practical sense. While the text does make references to Eastern cultures, primarily Chinese, Cultural Renewal locates most of its analysis in the West. Pontynen is at his best as a diagnostician: his book articulates with disturbing precision the intellectual and cultural trajectory of the modern and postmodern world. While Pontynen's highly theoretical prose makes the text less 142